You have entered our section that allows you to read, inspect, and download, the most current issue of "The Mushroom Culture", the Journal of Mushroom Cultivation, "TMC". The Issues posted here are the "Electronic" version. They do not contain all the photographs and other information that the "Hard Copy", that is sent to subscribers, has in it.

For January 2010 $15.00

The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)

The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent

Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)

To learn more about IMGN, see www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html, or write to FMRC to get complete information on this old and unique mushroom association…many valuable benefits.

___ This is a "RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains all spore prints and photographs.

___ This is a "NON-RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains no mushroom spore prints.

___ This is a "REPRINT"/"Photo Copy" Issue. It may not contain prints or pictures. Published by: Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)

P.O. Box 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523-8105

1.850.327.4378 FloridaMycology@cs.com

www.mushroomsfmrc.com

EDITORS: You the reader

7,000 IMGN Members

Marshall E. Deutsch: Articles Taken from "The Bulletin Of

The Boston Mycological Club” and other recent references

to fungi encountered during the editor’s quotidian activities

Mushroom News by Ross Nagot

Cooking Editor: Robin Arnold

Chief Editor: Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC

It is official from the USDA: The 2008/2009 USA Mushroom Cash Crop was $957 Million!!! There were only 285 registered growers!!! Maybe you should check out “IMGN” and start getting your share!

http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html

The world’s only color Mushroom Journal that comes with actual “Live Mushroom Spore Print Samples” affixed inside (held safe inside a small sealed plastic envelope).

C O N T E N T S

For #85 TMC January 2010

Journal Subscription and other Information…………………………01

Submitting Spore Samples to this Journal………………………….02

FREE Mushroom Spore Print Sample Coprinus comatus ………..03

TMC Journal Sale and Back Issues………………………………….03

FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Now Online…………………….03

Information on TMC Mushroom Spore Samples……………………04

FMRC’s Stimulus Sales………………………………………............05

Mushroom Quiz…………………………………………………………07

Subscription Sales with CD-ROMS…………………………………..07

FREE TMC Subscriptions given out…………………………………08

Culture Flask……Is This You Last Issue?......................................08

Entire Spore Bank Sale…………………………………….………….08

Will Bacillus subtilis End Green Mold?............................................09

Germinating Shiitake Mushroom Spores……………….……………09

The War On Super Bugs………………………………….…….……..09

New Mushroom Journal CD-ROMs…………………………….…….12

Color Photograph of Shiitake Mushroom grown on Oak log………13

Mycology In The Media………………………………………………...14

Bat Fungus, DNA barcodes, Same Sex Mating, Spore Allergy,

Yeast, more oil from fungus, Amanita phalloides poisoning,

Mushrooms That Glow, Frog Problems, and much more.

Mushroom Journal Subscriptions: If you would like to order a subscription to “THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, you may send request and payment of $30.00 made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL. 32523, for one year.

Copyright Information: This Journal is Copyrighted under International Law, and all said laws apply. Any material that finds its way into this Journal, and it has already been copyrighted elsewhere, retains original Copyright. Authors and photographers who submit material in this Journal are not restricted from using their work, or the sale thereof. Persons may reprint or transmit this document, only in its complete and original form. No parts, articles, photographs, or any other partial pieces may be removed from this document. If you have any questions about reprinting or retransmitting, call 1.850.327.4378 and ask for Stephen L. Peele. Copies of this document can be given away freely for academic or information purposes. Any sale, placement, or display in any media that involves the transfer of money, of document, or parts of, is a violation of Copyright.
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Subscriptions: The electronic version of "The Mushroom Culture" Electronica, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) can be read freely at www.mushroomsfmrc.com under “TMC Journals”. The current Issue will be posted sometime in the middle of the published month.

"The Mushroom Culture" physical issue (Hard Copy) that contains actual spore print samples and color photographs, that is mailed to you in a thick plain brown envelope, has the following subscription rates: One year’s subscription $30.00 (outside the USA $50.00), Two year’s subscription $50.00 (outside the USA $90.00), Three year’s subscription $70.00 (outside the USA $130.00). "Lifetime" subscription is $1,000.00 (outside the USA $2,000.00). College, University, and other educational library requests may subscribe "Lifetime" for $750.00 (outside the USA $1,750.00).
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The Scheduling Dispatch Of This Journal: This Journal's "Hard Copy" is mailed thru the second week of the Issue's Publication month/date. This is usually the first Monday of the said month. Because games and prizes offered in this Journal are restricted to postal mail only, the Electronic Issue is not released until 7 days after the postal mailing of the "Hard Copy". This is done to prevent unfair advantage if both were released at the same time. To view the Electronic Issue, go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com then, click on “TMC Journals”. The FREE Download is made available by donations. To help keep this mycological free service available to all, you may send your donation in any amount to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523. TMC is a quarterly publication, 4 times a year. Because many articles are copy/pasted from emails, spelling and grammar errors may exist. They are left “as is” to show proof of original document.
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How Many Issues Do I have left on my "TMC" Hard Copy Subscription? Check the number right after your first name or above the business address on the mailing label affixed to the brown envelope your Journal arrives in. This is how many issues are left on your current subscription. Also see "Culture Flask": If your culture flask has a RED Contaminant in it...this is your last issue! Please renew.
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Know The Mushroom Laws In Your Area: Some readers who receive this Journal live in areas where no mushroom laws exist. Others, like those in the USA, must be aware of laws that forbid the possession and cultivation of mushrooms that contain controlled substances. Psilocybe cubensis is an example of an illegal mushroom in the USA. As articles are done on an International basis, always keep in mind the laws on these said type mushrooms in your own specific area. Questions? Check with the local law from a pay phone.

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Mushroom Identification over the Phone… a public service provided by FMRC to Poison Control Centers and Emergency Rooms all over the world. Since 1972, the Florida Mycology Research Center has offered this free service 24 hours a day to all Poison Control Centers and Emergency Rooms. Please take the time to contact your local Poison Control Center or local hospital and make sure they are aware of this service. Many times, the identification of a mushroom involved in a mushroom poisoning can mean the correct treatment…the wrong treatment could be bad for the victim. Call them and give our "Mushroom ID" phone number…1-850-327-4378.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 01 Copyrighted Material

Advertising in The Mushroom Culture is just good rifle shot advertising. Plus, when it is posted up for download at our website, www.mushroomsfmrc.com, hundreds of thousands of people see it! Pretty good deal, when you think about it. If its Mushroom Related, and you want to sell it, try this:

How To Place An Ad In “TMC”

For 1 full year (4 issues)…Full page $500.00, ½ page $250.00, ¼ page $125.00.

For one time (1 issue)…Full page $200.00, ½ page $100.00, ¼ page $50.00, 40 word ad $20.00.

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Books Available Only From FMRC’s Book Store………And Now It Is On Line For FREE Viewing

Mushroom Books You Never Knew Existed
For a complete list of FMRC’s publications, videos, and a listing of all the Back Issues of "TMC" with a summary of each ones contents, see the FMRC “MAIN” Catalog is posted On Line at our website www.mushroomsfmrc.com then click “Catalogs” off of our Main Menu, then just scroll down and you will see all we have to offer. Also, check out our “Store”. The down load or copy/paste is free.

Submitting Spore Samples for This Journal

Submitting spore samples for Journal entries, entitles you to one year’s free subscription to the "Physical" Hard Copy issues published by FMRC. Only select prints that you are sure of identification. Do not submit samples you cannot identify. "TMC" and "TEO" ("THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) and "TEONANACATL", The International Journal Of Psychoactive Mushrooms TEO), both published by FMRC, remain the only "color" mushroom journals that come with mushroom spore print samples. This is mainly due to reader collection and the fact it is quite troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To this date, I know of no one else who has tried taking on this task. Mushroom prints should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be taken on white paper. Light colored or white spores

should be taken on a dark colored paper. This will ensure contrast and make the spores easy to see. Seven to nine complete sheets should be submitted. Place and affix (with staple or tape) cover sheet over each sheet of prints. Send date and where collected. Wild edibles make the best submissions for the "TMC" Journal. If you wish to submit a controversial type, like Psilocybe cyanescens, these said types may be submitted (or we will forward) to "TEONANACATL", The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO). Because these issues have this unique feature of mushroom spore print samples to aid in the correct identification of mushrooms collected out in the wild, they have a cutoff of 3,000 subscribers. This makes original Hard Copy back issues of "TMC" and "TEO" rare and the most valuable to collect.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 02 Copyrighted Material

                          Mushroom Spore Print sample For #85                                                                               “TMC”                                                                                   "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
Coprinus comatus   The Shaggy Mane
EDIBILITY – Choice Delightful Edible

FMRC’s Catalog Number …………………………………………………………#SO341

Samples collected by Jan Arild Botnen , Norway ………Fall, 2010

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"TMC” Journal Sale

SALE #1. …. Order any TEN back issues ($100 value) and get a full year’s subscription ($30 value) for only $60.00. Overseas and outside the USA, Airmail $80.00.

SALE #2 .….Order back issues #01 through #60 ($600 value), and also included is: #EE (TMC’s famous EXTRA EDITION Issue that first exposed our government‘s action of destroying Psilocybe cultures held at our Nation‘s culture bank, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) ($10.00 value). Plus get a full year’s subscription ($30 value)…..This $640.00 value of TMC publications and the subscription is yours for only $200! Overseas and outside the USA $250. When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or color photographs may be affixed).

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TMC Back Issues

Back Issues of this Journal are $10.00 each. Rising costs in printing, storage, and postage are the main reasons. When all originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore samples or Color photographs may be affixed in these Issues). To insure complete Original Issues with color photographs and affixed Spore Samples, you must subscribe. The Current Issue of TMC is $15.00

FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are Now Online…..FREE

Exciting News from FMRC! Mushroom Journals can now be seen, read, downloaded, and inspected free at www.mushroomsfmrc.com Then, click the desired Current Mushroom Journal! "TEO Journals" for "TEONANACATL”, the International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) and, "TMC Journals" for "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, the Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). Unlike the Hard Copy Issue, all photographs will be in color in this Electronic Issue. #85 TMC January 2010 Page 03 Copyrighted Material

A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)

Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984! Now, over 20 years of mycological documentations............

All this is made possible by donations. Make your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today. This will insure the future Postings and the Journals themselves.

For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click Catalogs. Scroll down until you come to them. Said pages will be toward the end.

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"They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin, 1759

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Information On "TMC" Spore Samples
The Mushroom spore print samples that are included in this Journal are offered for microscopy and identification purposes only. No growing claims are made as none of these samples has been tested for such by FMRC. All samples that are sent in by readers are presumed viable. Each sample provided should consist of + or - 10,000 spores. These spores are like their seeds, only very small. So small in fact, they are measured in microns, and cannot be singled out

without the use of a microscope. These spores are very valuable when it comes to identification of the mushroom. Mushroom spores can be compared to fingerprints of humans. Besides being of different colors, the spores will also be of different shapes and sizes. FMRC offers spore samples of different species. These can be used as "standards". It would be a good idea to have mushroom spores available for comparison when making ID’s. FMRC offers the world’s largest mushroom spore bank of its kind available. Physicians should have on hand several different species of mushroom spores in order to have standards in which to compare suspected mushroom spores.

The physician should have on hand any lethal or poisonous mushroom spores that are known to be found in his area of service. FMRC uses the following criteria for edibility designation: DEADLY…Mushroom contains toxins that will cause death. POISONOUS…Mushroom contains psychoactive to gastrointestinal toxins, and not likely to cause death…EDIBLE/CHOICE EDIBLE…all of these type mushrooms are selected for the table.

Because "TMC" has many readers who are not IMGN Members, your issue may not contain a certain spore print sample that is "Restricted" by FMRC. In cases where samples of this nature are provided, you must be an IMGN Member in order to receive said spore print samples. To find out more about FMRC’s Independent Mushroom Grower’s Network (IMGN), consult FMRC’s

"MAIN" Catalog, or write to FMRC and ask for IMGN details (postal or email (FloridaMycology@cs.com)). Your mailing label will be noted "IMGN" if you are a member. Without this notation, your issues may not contain any "Restricted" samples. University/College, Mycology related businesses, or Doctor’s office subscriptions do not apply. Reprints of back issues may not contain color photos or any spore print samples. Photocopies are supplied when all original issues have been sold. To insure an original copy with all materials, you must subscribe.

If your Country, State, City, or County forbids biological materials from entering their borders, please inform us of this fact. Example, New Zealand. Inmates who receive this Journal will receive no spore samples. You will be placed under a special mailing list and your issues will not contain spore samples. If you continue to receive "TMC" with mushroom spore samples, and live

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 04 Copyrighted Material

CA State Laws, which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no

conditions. Not even if you are a medical doctor working under a Federal Grant at a CA College or University, and an IMGN Member…these will not be shipped to CA. If you would like to receive "Restricted" Issues, and live in CA or other illegal areas, you must give a legal shipping address. We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any event, only on rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print samples affixed inside that will be capable of producing any said controlled substances, and their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been brought about by the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type spore print samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal. "Non Restricted" Issues, not containing these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like CA, ID, or GA.

Submitting Articles To "TMC": You may submit any article by yourself to FloridaMycology@cs.com or by postal mail. Other articles found in newspapers and other print, should be sent postal mail. Any article used earns the sender a year’s free subscription to

"TMC". "TMC" is the physical issue of this Journal. So, be sure to include your postal address when submitting any articles. Mail Call entries earn no free subscription. You may state not to have your name published or listed with article. Ideas about regular columns by you are welcomed, as is all other ideas, which you feel, will be helpful to this Journal.
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How To Win A Year’s Free Subscription To "TMC"
If you see any article about mushrooms, past or present, and you think others may like to read about it, send it in. If it is used in "TMC", you get the free subscription. If you find a large stand of a particular species of mushroom, and are able to collect 7 to 10 good full sheets of spore prints (enough to place samples in "TMC"), send them in. If they are accepted, they will be placed in

"TMC", and you get the free subscription. If you send anything in that has to do with mushrooms, and it is used (Mail Call letters do not apply), you get the free subscription. If you do not want your name mentioned, please state so and we will honor your wishes. Free subscriptions are physical issues with spore print samples and 4" X 6" color photographs.

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M A I L C A L L

                 FMRC's        "Stimulus Sales"
Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community. It will be a long time running sale:
Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN). Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)
During the Stimulus Sale, your cost is only $150.00!
With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00 worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is going on in the World of Mushrooms.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits   $150.00
(Out of USA $180.00)
Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course. Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html
This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:
             #85 TMC January 2010          Page 05                 Copyrighted Material

COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled Mushrooms. FMRC was the first to introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by "come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace, sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!
Tuition Schedule:
Doctor......................$500.00
Master.......................260.00
Bachelor...................180.00
Associate.................100.00
Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and "Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students living outside the US must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and Handling.

Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by the University of North West Florida, "To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore microscopy and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They openly relay to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When I tell them about these very same courses and how they can take them at their own pace and time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher specific learning accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges offer. Persons holding academic degrees can present our "Certificate of Completion" as supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning into the specific area of Basidiomycetes.
When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff. You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good one. It is available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for under $20.00. "Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.
#85 TMC January 2010 Page 06 Copyrighted Material

FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course $200.00
(Out of USA $240.00)

Want to save even more?
Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over $1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00.
Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted. Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.

MUSHROOM QUIZ "MQ"
Mushroom Quiz ("MQ") is featured in each edition of this Journal. If you know the answer, write it down and mail it in. No phone calls. No E-mail. No FAX. Your entry must be mailed by 1st Class U.S. Mail only (Overseas and Out Of Country can use Airmail). The first letter that is opened and has the correct answer WINS.
What do you win? An entire year’s subscription to this Journal…..FREE! Your name will be posted with the correct answer in the following edition (unless you state "Not to publish your name"). So, come on and impress your mushroom friends with your knowledge. Send your entry to FMRC, "MQ", POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.

Last Issue’s "MQ" for #84 "TMC": What does “Amerospore” mean?

Last Issue’s Answer: It is a One-Celled Spore.

WINNER with first correct answer: Craig Davis, TN.

"MQ" For This Issue #85: When speaking of spore shapes, what does “Falcate” mean?

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Subscription Sale with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals

For over 20 years, FMRC has published the World's only color mushroom journals that come with actual "Spore Print Samples" affixed inside. And now, subscribing to these great mushroom journals is better than ever before. Order a TWO Year Subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC) for the low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 Out of USA) and receive the 2 Disk Set of "THE GOSPEL OF MUSHROOMS”, a $60.00 value!

All the TMC Issues from #01 to #69 are on "THE GOSPEL”. You will see all the mycological achievements made over the last 2 decades.....all in COLOR! All the stories, all the events, they’re all here. A major Mycological Publishing Event! All you have to do is just place the disks into your computer, and you will be there to see it all!

Or, you can order a TWO-year subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of

Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and receive the TEO Issues #01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!

When placing your order please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.

If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years will just be added to your current subscription. Here is one even better……..

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 07 Copyrighted Material

Order BOTH Journals, and just send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions. This will save you Big Time.......($150.00 Out of USA)

Mail your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523. Sorry, no online or credit card orders. The Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC), Publisher.

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CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE
Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input: Jan Arild Botnen for FREE Mushroom Spore Print Sample Coprinus comatus and Craig Davis for Correct Mushroom Quiz Answer.

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CULTURE FLASK…….. Is this your last Issue on Subscription?

For Physical "TMC" HARD COPY Subscriptions That Contain Spore Samples
IF YOUR CULTURE FLASK HAS A "RED" CONTAMINANT IN IT, THIS IS YOUR LAST ISSUE! Send $30 to renew your subscription ($50 US Dollars for Out Of Country), for another year's subscription. The "RED" contaminant is your only reminder, other than your mailing label saying "00" issues left after your first name. As we value your support and interests, please send payment now while it is on your mind. This way, "TMC" can continue and you will never miss an issue. After all, it is your Journal

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S P O R E B A N K S A L E

For those who have not seen this Sale posted on FMRC’s Website: The Entire Mushroom Spore Bank, over 200 different Samples, is on sale for only $1,000.00! And, when any new species are listed in the Bank, and you have an interest in receiving it, just let us know that you purchased the Entire Collection before. Just make the request and it will be shipped right off to you at no charge!

This entire massive collection, the World’s Largest Mushroom Spore Bank of its type since 1972, can be inspected and downloaded at www.mushroomsfmrc.com.

To be the proud owner of this entire spore bank collection, simply mail in your request for the Entire Mushroom Spore Sample Collection, held at FMRC. The best method of payment is a Postal Money Order that you buy at your local Post Office. Send your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523. If you live in CA, GA, or ID, or other areas where it is illegal to possess mushroom spores capable of producing controlled substances, send only $830.00. All said type species will not be included. Otherwise, you must give a good legal shipping State to receive the entire, full, Collection.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 08 Copyrighted Material

Will Bacillus subtilis End Green Mold?
Two Canadians, Nader Gheshlaghi and Jack Verdellen, have develoed a strain of Bacillus subtilis that acts as a green mold inhibitor. This information comes from the US Federal News Service, Sept. 6, 2009. There is even a Patent given to Rol-Land Farms, Ontario, Canada. It provides a novel bio-control agent for the prevention and/or reduction of mold during mushroom production. It utilizes Bacillus spp. as a natural, organic agent for the control of mold caused by Trichoderma spp. For more on this see International Patent Publication No. WO/2009/105878 published Sept. 3. The original Patent was filed in Canada and can be seen at:
www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/ia.jsp?ia=CA2009/000224

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Germinating Shiitake Mushroom Spores

Many years ago I had several interesting conversations with an old Chinese Medical Dr. that used many mushrooms in his practice. He told me he felt the only Reishi Mushrooms that had true power, were the ones grown on Plum trees that were older than 100 years old. We spoke about the problems of getting Shiitake Mushroom Spores to germinate. It is my understanding that no wild sighting of Shiitake has ever occurred in the US. This is puzzling when you think about all the Shiitake cultivation that goes on….all those spores from outside beds. There are some who say there are parts of the world where Shiitake do grow out in the wild. Whatever may be the case, there surely is a problem here with germination of the spores. Where do these strains come from that are available to growers? He tells me of a method that the Chinese use. He said millions upon millions of the spores are collected from many mushrooms. They are all ran at the same time. Only a very few spots of mycelium growth occur. These are separated out. It is from these few isolates that suitable strains may be isolated. He said sometimes nothing is seen from a run, or no suitable strains are isolated. I have grown Shiitake for many years on logs, but have never tried to isolate my own strain through mass spore inoculation as described by the Chinese Dr. I have however collected large amounts of mushroom spores, in gram weights. I use large sheets of glass that have been wiped down with alcohol. Mushrooms are placed on the glass for print taking (instead of paper). When good amounts of spores have been released, lift up and remove the mushrooms. Dry in sterile area. With a razor blade, remove the spores by making small piles of them. I would then suggest cleaning the spores of any contaminants so that the run will be clean. I prefer the Micro-filtration technique. Now you have many spores to make your run…..maybe even find a new good strain. By S.L. Peele

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The War On "Super Bugs"

Here's what we should do about it.
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage11.html
A most interesting read for those who are worried and concerned about our war on resistant microbes. It is placed in Public Domain by its author, S.L. Peele, for free inspection, download, and distribution. Pass it on, let's all get involved.

By Stephen L. Peele, Curator Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC) 11/09/09
We are now at the cross-roads with our battle against bacteria and other microorganisms. Just about every pathogenic strain of bacteria has developed its own resistance.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 09 Copyrighted Material

It is a resistance that stands against everything we have. No matter what antibiotic you purchase thru subscription, it has no effect.
These microbes have been given the name "Super Bugs", or as referred to here, "SB's". Did you know that 2.5 million in the US contract dangerous bacterial infections each year? And, more than 100,000 of these DIE. These types of infections are now ranked the 4th leading cause of death in America. These same said infections are the 2nd leading cause of deaths, worldwide.
All this SB resistance has now pushed the related drug world market upwards to more than $45 Billion a year. In 2008, just about 686,000 people went to the hospital for MRSA alone. The direct health-care cost was $10 Billion. The total overall cost was approximately $118 Billion.
Did you get a real sense of danger reading that? How does it make you feel, knowing the best anti-infective drugs we have are worthless and out of date? Makes you want to start washing your hands more often, huh?
And now we have all this new attack, HIV, Bird Flu, "Monkey Flu", and the Swine Flu (H1N1 Strain). It's a constant battle, and to whoever is reading this, it is a war we must win. Humanity itself could be at stake here, just as it plays out in many science fiction stories about how the human race is wiped out by some microbe. All these deaths, all these people who meet "The Reaper", and now even people dying from ear-aches from some resistant strain.
I know there is great promise and grand discoveries of new antibiotics, antivirals, and anticancer/tumor agents, not to mention immune enhancement capabilities, waiting to be found in mushrooms. I know this is true, for I myself have discovered some of these new Myco-drugs, and there are many, many, other researchers that have now done the same.
I know that there is all the armament we need against these microorganisms, in mushrooms. Think about this. Some of these new novel antibiotics and other anti-agents from mushrooms, are what some call "Ancient Defense Mechanisms". Like the ones molds and other primitive type growths have. They rely on their own self produced biochemically-acting agents, to protect them from attacking bacteria and other microbes. Without this protection, they would not survive. Checking out a mold one day, they found "Penicillin" - one of the most effective antibacterial agents ever discovered……and that's the end of that story.
All classes of plants and animals produce these type agents. In mammals, they are known as HDP's or, Host Defense Peptides. Many call these agents our "first line of defense". They can stop many attacks, right at first sign of invasion. These anti-agents produced in humans are also known as "Defensins".
Here may be the answer on how some of them work so well. Bacteria contain more negatively charged chemical groups on their cell membranes, than human cells. Human cell membranes have plenty of cholesterol, while bacteria cell membranes have none. These new Myco-drugs target in on cell membranes with phospholipids that have a negative charge, and ones that have no cholesterol. This means their attack is specific and selective to bacteria. It kills the bacteria by rupturing its cell wall. There has been research done that points to selection, somehow, of even bacteria. Meaning that beneficial bacteria are left alone, while harmful ones are killed. More on this in just a moment. This mechanism differs from the traditional one. And even many new traditional types of antibiotics like Tetracycline are waiting to be found. Bacteria, in order to form a resistance to Ancient Defensive Mechanisms isolated from mushrooms, would have to create a new type of cell membrane. No wonder these Ancient Defense Mechanisms have proven themselves for millions of years.
But true gilled mushrooms, the Basidiomycetes, are much more evolved, than lower class of fungi and molds. True gilled mushrooms are the most evolved and most high, in the fungus world. They are many times referred to as the Highest "Class of Fungi", or fungi-perfect. It is these types of mushrooms that will have many proven antibiotic and antiviral agents, and they will be much more advanced, much more evolved, and also have a proven track record. This is true, as the mushroom under said type of attacks, would not be here. It has fought its war, and has won.
Think about these new, novel mushroom compounds. We know they work, and what if they come from a mushroom that humans eat, or can eat, with no side effects? What you have is a real weapon. A weapon that never existed before. A weapon agent that would have no trouble,

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 10 Copyrighted Material

because there has never been a resistance for it. No bacteria or virus has any resistance to it.

They have never seen this before; therefore there is no resistance, or defense. If the mechanism involves the destruction of the microbe's cell wall membrane, how could the microbe ever develop a new cell wall?
All my years of research into the "Ancient Defense Mechanisms", has shown me it is far more complicated than I had ever thought. It is tuned with such precise settings, that I am amazed at what I learned one day.
In the early 80's, I was working with a Doctor who had connections with St. John's University. I had a theory that certain mushrooms must have their own Ancient Defense Mechanisms. How else could certain groups of them ever grow? How did they survive this massive attack by microbes? We both agreed on a species of mushroom to investigate, and it was soon after, a great discovery was made.
As the mycelium (the cotton like growth that is the vegetative growth state of a mushroom) grew, it produced strong antibiotic and antiviral agents. This find alone, answered many questions, but what was discovered next was even more sacred.
Certain agents were produced for several hours. They then shut down. Then, new agents were produced. The unbroken chain of new agents replacing old agents never seemed to end. How about that? I never saw or heard of that before. Not only were there new anti-agents found, Mother Nature even also saw fit to place something really special inside its Ancient Defense Mechanisms. The changing of the anti-agents meant that even if a resistance was to be developed by one of these microorganisms, it would not matter. That one is no longer there. Here's the new boss.   Amazing, isn't it? Also, these anti-agents were selective in that they did not harm beneficial types of bacteria. There are some other really amazing things I have found out about mushrooms, and so have many other researchers.
I published an article about the PSTMP Compound. I have it posted up at FMRC's Website www.mushromsfmrc.com under Mushroom Research Papers. It not only halted the biological clock in hundreds of tests, it had other, very unusual properties. One of these was tested by the University of Arizona, and in over 100 insects that were tested, every one showed activity of a new insecticide never before known of. Most of these were never investigated because of government mycophobia toward me and my research…..and they forbid me to release any more mushroom isolated extractions under the threat of heavy fines.
Dr. Samuel B. Lehrer at Tulane University launched a "Mushroom Spores As Aeroallergens" research project, under a grant. He contacted FMRC for help and consulting, concerning mushroom spores. We established very fast that mushroom spores are major fungal aeroallergens in and around the Gulf Coast Area, and probably throughout much of the United States. Stephen L. Peele developed a way to capture enormous amounts of mushroom spores from specific species of mushrooms, in gram weights. This turned out to be a most valuable tool. These spores provided "skin-pop" preparations that were used to detect allergic reactions to specific species of mushroom spores. A whopping total of over 80 grams of mushroom spores from one specific mushroom, not only solved specific allergic reactions some people were having, but also was enough to make an anti-allergic preparation that stopped said attacks.
Even though specific mushrooms were known for their medicinal use for many centuries back by Chinese and other Eastern healers, we are just now starting to look at them, in a scientific manner. These very same mushrooms right now, are being used to fight cancer/tumors, blood cholesterol, and even AIDS…….a prediction I made and was published in several documentaries and articles thru the 80's. Antitumor effects of hot water extracts from several mushrooms have now been discovered, including new and unknown polysaccharides, specifically beta-D-glucans. This lead up to discovering "Lentinan", a proven, very powerful antitumor substance. Japan has recently isolated "Krestin" from the Turkey Tail mushroom. It fights a number of cancers. Its use is so good; it is covered by the Japanese Health Care Plan!
Many new mushroom compounds that have great medicinal uses are being found every day. Not just the next new antibiotic or antiviral weapons will come from mushrooms, many or all of the new and most effective ones will come from mushrooms. I have been researching and saying

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 11 Copyrighted Material

this now, since 1972. In 1993 I published "THE MUSHROOM RESEARCHER". It had one of the largest listings of "Mushrooms That Indicate Medicinal Properties" ever compiled….358! It also lists 130 references, 53 toxic mushrooms and spore identifications. This book was published way before many "Medicinal Mushroom" books began to appear, and has yet to be matched.
Yes, it is now time to find these new drugs, and the place to look is mushrooms. My day is here now. I now see it all happening. I once wrote in the said Mushroom Researcher Book "May the word now go out to all private and scientific sectors, here is your sword. Polish it well for the final kill."
I will begin to approach old research contacts and renew these interests once again. I will also contact some other research groups that I think might be interested in this approach. If you, or your research team, whether private, government, or University/College, want to get involved with this very exciting new frontier of mushrooms…..Contact Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523…..Email: floridamycology@cs.com.....Business Phone 1-850-327-4378…..website: www.mushroomsfmrc.com

New Mushroom Journal CD-ROMS

“THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)……Now comes the #3 CD-ROM of “The Gospel of Mushrooms”. This new #3 CD comes with all the Back Issues #70 TMC thru #83 TMC! Just like #1 and #2, the #3 CD comes in color, just like the Issues were published. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.

#3 GOSPEL CD-ROM, TMC’s #70 - #83…………$40.00

“TEONANACATL”, The International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)……Now comes the #2 CD-ROM of “TEO” Back Issues. #1 “TEO” has #1 - #13 “TEO” Back Issues. This new #2
“TEO” CD-ROM has all the “TEO” Back Issues #14 - #28. Just place it in your computer, and you will be there to see it all. Just like the
“TEO” #1 CD-ROM, this #2 “TEO” CD-ROM comes in color just like the Issues were published. To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click Catalog. Then scroll on down until you come to the Back Issue section for our Journals.

#2 “TEO” CD-ROM, TEO’s #14 - #28…..………$40.00 Save even more money……..buy both #3 Gospel and #2 TEO CD-ROMs for only………………………..$50.00.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 12 Copyrighted Material

                               The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)

        Color photograph for #85, "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
January 2010
                                    Photograph Copyrighted by FMRC

Shiitake Mushroom cultivated on Oak log by S. L. Peele at FMRC

………The Mushroom that produces Lentinan.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 13 Copyrighted Material

Mycology in the Media

Marshall E. Deutsch

AWI Quarterly for Summer presents more details on and better illustrations of White-Nose Syndrome of bats than any other reference thereto which I’ve come across, but admits that “it is …unknown if the fungus of the genus Geomyces is the singular cause of death or simply an opportunistic pathogen that takes advantage of weakened immune systems.”

Science for 7 August reports on “Barcoding of Plants and Fungi.” Continue to treat the ID Committee with respect—it will be a long time before they are first helped and then replaced by barcoding. A fragment of an enzyme called mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (more familiarly known as coxI or COI) has been developed as a universal DNA barcode for animals and algae, but is not suitable for identifying fungi. Other markers are being studied for the latter.

Same-sex marriage is failing politically in the United States, but is helping fungi develop resistance to treatment. New Scientist (NS) for 15 August reports on increasing virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans following same-sex mating and observations of matings between same-sex cells of Candida albicans. In the same issue we learn of a “parasitic fungus Entomophthora muscae, which infects and kills domestic flies.” And Entomophaga grylli, “which infects grasshoppers and causes ‘summit disease,’ where the infected insects climb to the tops of grass stems to shower spores on the population below.”

In Nature for 29 August, we learn why we are not continually showing signs of allergy to the vast numbers of fungal spores populating the air we breathe: A water-repellent material (hydrophobin) in the surface layer of dormant spores masks their recognition by the immune system and thus prevents an immune response.

There’s no end to how much yeast can help people. We all know of its role in supplying us with food and drink, but Science for 28 August details how identifying a mitochondrial protein in yeast led to the discovery that a gene which produced a similar protein in humans is a tumor susceptibility gene in humans.

Do you (as do I) remember fondly what food you ate while in the military? Mother Jones for September/October brings back fond memories with the beginning of a story on Pentagon funds funneled to Iraqi strongmen: “It’s a bright day in February, and I am in a pink villa on the outskirts of Fallujah, sitting with a tribal sheikh and a Marine commander as they hunch over a plate of truffles.”

Fungi can get us oil by a more direct route. In R&D Magazine for September, we learn, in an article headed “Leftover Crops Fuel Ethanol Production Via Mold,” that “Mucor circinelloides can turn a wide variety of leftover organic waste products into oil.” And in an article on the origin of cooperation in Science for 4 September, the fascinating text is upstaged by illustrations depicting slime mold amoebae forming a fruiting body, Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming to form a biofilm, and yeast clumping in an ethanol solution, thus protecting the inner cells from harm.

Technically, Phytophthora infestans, like slime mold, is not a fungus, but it’s close enough for this column to mention it. In New Scientist (NS) for 12 September is an explanation of one of the factors that make it such a fearful menace. It “has a genome three times as large as its closest relatives, because it keeps many different variants of its ‘attack’ genes…These code for enzymes that kill potato cells, on which the mould then feasts.” In the same issue, is given a hint on why it is useful for some fungi have more than two sexes: “Finding just two sexes in most species is odd; having more would maximize the chances of finding a mate”.

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 14 Copyrighted Material

Fungi (or oomycetes like Phytophthora infestans) that completely destroy their prey may have few or no redeeming qualities, but a wood-attacking fungus improved the quality of a violin made from the attacked wood, according to “Fungus-treated violin beats Strad in blind test” an on-line article in World Science for September 15. Then there are fungi which indirectly protect wood, as reported in The Boston Globe for September 21 (citing the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)). There’s a tropical termite species which can survive in bacteria- and fungi-ridden nests because its saliva and fecal matter contain protein that destroys those bacteria and fungi. The Globe describes how “feeding the termites a glucose derivative, known as GDL” inhibited the fungus-fighting protein(s). The Globe fails to disclose the more informative name of GDL, which is d-delta-gluconolactone. NS for 26 September also contains a PNAS-based article involving fungi and insects. Therein we learn how fungal infection not only weakens mosquitoes but makes insects previously resistant to pyrethrinoids susceptible again.

If you read every word on every page of American Scientist for September-October, you will finally find a reference to our old friend Elio Schaechter. Here’s the last paragraph of the last page: “Moselio Schaechter (SX 1951) along with his colleague Merry Yule have run this microbiology blog [Small Things Considered] sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology since 2006. Its purpose is to share their appreciation for the width and depth of the microbial activities on this planet.” The editor of this Bulletin is pleased to be able to refer to Merry Yule in an issue which is more appropriately timed.

Less timely news is found in Science for 9 October: “Scientists claim that they have identified an ancient fungus that flourished about 250 million years ago, feeding on dead trees as it spread across the planet. Those remains could provide a crucial clue to the identity of what killed off much of Earth’s plant and animal life at the time, although some researchers remain skeptical.” More recent and narrower in scope is a Globe item on October 21 concerning a woman and her son reported to be in good condition despite having eaten what is suspected to have been fruiting bodies of Amanita phalloides.

Back to Science. The 23 October issue tells of Mycena luxaeterna and six other newly-discovered to glow at night. The fact that the 64 known luminous species of mushroom are descended from 16 different lineages “suggests that either luminescence evolved multiple times or most species gradually lost the glow.” In the same issue, we learn that the reason skin infection is lethal to frogs is that frog skin participates in osmoregulation. (Breathe a sigh of relief if you suffer from athlete’s foot.) A bit of hope is that the bacterium “Janthinobacterium lividium makes an antifungal compound that stops the fungal infection in its tracks.” In addition to the news report, the issue contains a research paper giving the details. If you don’t have easy access to this bacterium for treating your pet frog, try treating it with pumpkin puree. Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) for October 26 reports that a fungal protein extracted from pumpkin rinds “works well against pathogenic Botrytis, Fusarium and Trichoderma species that are anathema to farmers and food processors.”

Minor references to fungi occur in Harper’s and Smithsonian for November. “Harper’s Index” refers to “Damages sought, in a defamation suit, by a Chicago landlord from a tenant who complained about mold via Twitter: $50,000.” And the latter publication tells of man-made fibers at least 30,000 years old and notes that “other remains—including the spores of a cloth-eating fungus—suggest that such fibers were made into textiles.”

Marcia Jacob calls our attention to The Wall Street Journal for November 6, wherein we learn of a wine and mushrooms fest (including foraging walks) in Mendocino County, California in early November, while the Boston Sunday Globe for November 8 informs us that a class entitled “Totally Truffles” will be a part of the San Diego Bay wine and food festival in mid November.

And The Boston Globe Magazine for the following week tells us more about the white-

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 15 Copyrighted Material

nose syndrome of bats: “Researchers strongly suspect but have not proved that the sickness is caused by a newly identified cold-thriving soil fungus aptly named Geomyces destructans. (Some believe the fungus is a secondary infection that grows on bats with already weakened immune systems.) Nor have they unraveled the enigma of a perplexing chain of events that leads from an apparent fungal infection to erratic bat behavior to death by what appears to be starvation.”

“Return of the Fungi,” an article on Paul Stamets in Mother Jones for November/December, is illustrated with a photograph of Paul holding a weirdly shaped object larger than his head. There’s no caption, so I guess it’s a truffle. There’s much of interest in the article, including a useful chart of fungal relationships by Sam Baldwin, and interesting nuggets of information, such as a statement that Lovastatin is found in Aspergillus terreus and oyster mushrooms (but I’ve never heard of the latter causing the horrendous side effects of chronic Lovastatin administration). Some of Stamets’ assertions should be viewed with skepticism, however. For instance, he is said to refer to fungi as “our ancestors.”

Finally, in American Scientist for November-December, we learn of the amazing precision of the mind-control exerted by Ophiocordyceps on the Asian carpenter ant Camponotus leonardi. The ant ”normally forages high in the forest canopy. But in a study of 51 zombie [fungus-infected] C. leonardi, all of the doomed ants sought the undersides of leaves ten inches above the ground, and bit down on a leaf vein before they died. Most ants chose northwest-facing leaves. When researchers moved dead ants to the forest floor or canopy, the fungus didn’t develop properly, suggesting that it has good reason to steer its hosts so meticulously.”

Marshall E. Deutsch…………….MED41@aol.com

#85 TMC January 2010 Page 16 Copyrighted Material

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#85 TMC January 2010

For October 2009 $15.00

The Journal of Mushroom
Cultivation (TMC)

The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent

Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)

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EDITORS: You
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7,000 IMGN Members

Marshall E. Deutsch: Articles Taken
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The Boston
Mycological Club” and other recent references

to fungi encountered during the
editor’s quotidian activities

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C O
N T E
N T S

For #84
TMC October 2009

Subscription and other Journal Information……………………..….…….01

How to place an ad in TMC…………………………………..……….……02

Mushroom Books offered only by FMRC……………………….…..…….02

Submitting Spore Samples for this Journal……………………………….02

Free Mushroom Spore Print Sample Hygrophorus
flavodiscus ……….03

TMC Back Issue Sale…………………………………………… .……….03

Mushroom Journals on line for free inspection and download………….03

Information on TMC Journal Free Spore Samples……………….… …04

Submitting Articles to be published in TMC………………………...……05

How to win free subscriptions to TMC…………………………….…..….05

Mail Call………………………………………………………………….…..05

Phalloidin, and
its worth…………………………………………….…..05

Cooking with Mushrooms…………………………………………….…….06

FMRC’s Stimulus Sales……………………………………………….……06

Mushroom
Quiz…………………………………………………….….…….07

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CD-ROMs…………………………………….….07

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Culture Flask…..is this your
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Color photograph of Stemonitis fusca……………………………...….…10

Mycology in the
media…………………………………………………..…11

The 2008-2009 Mushroom Sales for the US…………………………....14

New Mushroom
Journal CD-ROMs………………………………………15

FMRC’s 2009
Christmas Sale………………………………………….…15

Mushroom
Journal Subscriptions: If you would
like to order a subscription to “THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, you may send request
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Information: This Journal is Copyrighted under
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way into this Journal, and it has already been copyrighted elsewhere, retains
original Copyright. Authors and photographers who submit material in this
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Persons may reprint or transmit this document, only in its complete and
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information purposes. Any sale, placement, or display in any media that
involves the transfer of money, of document, or parts of, is a violation of
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Know The Mushroom Laws In Your Area: Some readers who receive this
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must be aware of laws that forbid the possession and cultivation of mushrooms
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Mushroom Identification over the Phone… a public service provided by
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#84 TMC October 2009 Page 01
Copyrighted Material

Advertising in The Mushroom Culture is
just good rifle shot advertising. Plus,
when it is posted up for download at our website, www.mushroomsfmrc.com, hundreds
of thousands of people see it! Pretty
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Submitting Spore Samples
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quite troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To
this date, I know of no one else who has tried taking on this task.
Mushroom prints should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be
taken on white paper. Light colored or white spores

should be taken on a dark colored paper. This will ensure
contrast and make the spores easy to see. Seven to nine complete sheets
should be submitted. Place and affix (with staple or tape) cover sheet
over each sheet of prints. Send date and where collected. Wild
edibles make the best submissions for the "TMC" Journal. If you
wish to submit a controversial type, like Psilocybe cyanescens, these said
types may be submitted (or we will forward) to "TEONANACATL", The
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of mushroom spore print samples to aid in the correct identification of
mushrooms collected out in the wild, they have a cutoff of 3,000 subscribers. This makes original Hard Copy back issues of
"TMC" and "TEO" rare and the most valuable to collect.

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 02 Copyrighted Material

                          Mushroom Spore Print sample For
#84                                                                               “TMC”                                                                                   "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"

Hygrophorus flavodiscus

EDIBILITY – Good

FMRC’s Catalog Number
…………………………………………………………#SO130

Samples
collected by Dottie Harris
, PA ………September, 2009

-------------------------------------------------

"TMC” Journal Sale

SALE
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SALE #2 .….Order back issues #01 through #60 ($600 value),
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culture bank, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) ($10.00 value).
Plus get a full year’s subscription ($30 value)…..This $640.00 value of TMC publications
and the subscription is yours for only $200!
Overseas and outside the USA
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TMC
Back Issues

Back Issues of this Journal are $10.00 each. Rising costs in printing, storage, and
postage are the main reasons. When all
originals have been sold, reprint or photocopies are made available (no spore
samples or Color photographs may be affixed in these Issues). To insure complete Original Issues with color
photographs and affixed Spore Samples, you must subscribe. The Current Issue of TMC is $15.00

FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are
Now Online…..FREE

Exciting News from FMRC!
Mushroom Journals can now be seen, read, downloaded, and inspected free
at www.mushroomsfmrc.com Then, click the desired Current Mushroom
Journal! "TEO Journals" for
"TEONANACATL”, the International Journal of Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)
and, "TMC Journals" for "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, the Journal of
Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). Unlike the
Hard Copy Issue, all photographs will be in color in this Electronic
Issue. #84 TMC October 2009 Page 03
Copyrighted Material

A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center
(FMRC)

Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984! Now, over 20 years of mycological
documentations............

All
this is made possible by donations. Make
your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today. This will insure the future Postings and the
Journals themselves.

For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals
go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click
Catalogs. Scroll down until you come to
them. Said pages will be toward the
end.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety
deserve neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin, 1759

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Information
On "TMC" Spore Samples

The Mushroom spore print samples that are included in this Journal are offered
for microscopy and identification purposes only. No growing claims are
made as none of these samples has been tested for such by FMRC. All
samples that are sent in by readers are presumed viable. Each sample
provided should consist of + or - 10,000 spores. These spores are like
their seeds, only very small. So small in fact, they are measured in
microns, and cannot be singled out

without the use of a microscope.
These spores are very valuable when it comes to identification of the
mushroom. Mushroom spores can be compared to fingerprints of humans.
Besides being of different colors, the spores will also be of different shapes
and sizes. FMRC offers spore samples of different species. These
can be used as "standards". It would be a good idea to have
mushroom spores available for comparison when making ID’s. FMRC offers
the world’s largest mushroom spore bank of its kind available. Physicians
should have on hand several different species of mushroom spores in order to
have standards in which to compare suspected mushroom spores.

The physician should have on hand any lethal or poisonous mushroom
spores that are known to be found in his area of service. FMRC uses the
following criteria for edibility designation: DEADLY…Mushroom contains
toxins that will cause death. POISONOUS…Mushroom contains psychoactive to
gastrointestinal toxins, and not likely to cause death…EDIBLE/CHOICE EDIBLE…all
of these type mushrooms are selected for the table.

Because "TMC" has many readers
who are not IMGN Members, your issue may not contain a certain spore print
sample that is "Restricted" by FMRC. In cases where samples of
this nature are provided, you must be an IMGN Member in order to receive said
spore print samples. To find out more about FMRC’s Independent Mushroom
Grower’s Network (IMGN), consult FMRC’s

"MAIN" Catalog, or write to FMRC
and ask for IMGN details (postal or email (FloridaMycology@cs.com)). Your
mailing label will be noted "IMGN" if you are a member. Without
this notation, your issues may not contain any "Restricted"
samples. University/College, Mycology related businesses, or Doctor’s
office subscriptions do not apply. Reprints of back issues may not
contain color photos or any spore print samples. Photocopies are supplied
when all original issues have been sold. To insure an original copy with
all materials, you must subscribe.

If your Country, State, City, or County
forbids biological materials from entering their borders, please inform us of
this fact. Example, New Zealand. Inmates who
receive this Journal will receive no spore samples. You will be placed
under a special mailing list and your issues will not contain spore
samples. If you continue to receive "TMC" with mushroom spore
samples, and live

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 04
Copyrighted Material

CA State Laws,
which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no

someone else
mails the Journal to you, it is then their responsibility, and not FMRC.
We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid
mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the
publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to
adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any

event, only on
rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print samples
affixed inside

that will be capable of producing any said controlled substances, and
their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been brought about by
the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type spore print
samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal. "Non Restricted" Issues, not containing
these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like CA, ID, or
GA.

Submitting Articles To "TMC": You may submit any article by yourself to FloridaMycology@cs.com
or by postal mail. Other articles found in newspapers and other print,
should be sent postal mail. Any article used earns the sender a year’s
free subscription to

"TMC". "TMC" is
the physical issue of this Journal. So, be sure to include your postal
address when submitting any articles. Mail Call entries earn no free
subscription. You may state not to have your name published or listed
with article. Ideas about regular columns by you are welcomed, as is all
other ideas, which you feel, will be helpful to this Journal.

-----------------------------------------------------

How To Win A Year’s Free Subscription To "TMC"

If you see any article about mushrooms, past or present, and you think others
may like to read about it, send it in. If it is used in "TMC",
you get the free subscription. If you find a large stand of a particular
species of mushroom, and are able to collect 7 to 10 good full sheets of spore
prints (enough to place samples in "TMC"), send them in. If
they are accepted, they will be placed in

"TMC", and you get the free
subscription. If you send anything in that has to do with mushrooms, and
it is used (Mail Call letters do not apply), you get the free
subscription. If you do not want your name mentioned, please state so and
we will honor your wishes. Free subscriptions are physical issues with
spore print samples and 4" X 6" color photographs.

-------------------------------------------

                                         M A
I L         C
A   L   L

Subj: Re: Phalloidin

Date: 6/23/2009

From: omicron

To: FloridaMycology@cs.com

Hi Stephen -

Yes I am a member (IMGN). I heard that a
lot of the Oak Trees in Marin were dying which was why I thought the value
would be going up on it. I found one in
a Park in Daly City
that was about 8 inches in diameter, but at the time we didn’t know what to do
with it. This was primarily Pine Trees with Eucalyptus. Neil

Neil........ I
would suggest in the future, you collect and dry any of these said
mushrooms. You want them dry and crispy like crackers. Then, seal
them away in "large" canning jars. If placed in freezer, they
will remain in great shape for many years. I would try to keep the
specimens in good shape, all together, so that they would make nice specimens
for anyone who would want one. Even mushroom clubs and organizations
would like to have a sample of Amanita phalloides to show all of its
members. I may publish this in Mail Call on a future Mushroom
Journal. I will only use the name Neil. Thank You, for your
interest in

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 05
Copyrighted Material

FMRC!
Highest Regards, Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC…..besides, Phalloidin is worth
over $100.00 a milligram. There are a
1,000 mgs in one gram. That’s in round
figures, $100,000.00 a gram! If you do
not believe it, call Sigma Chemical Company at 1-800-521-8956 and ask “What’s
the price for 1 mg of Phalloidin, there Catalog Number P-2141. What’s more amazing, you can isolate this
compound from the Mushrooms by using the simple “Column Chromatograph” method
for large amounts, and simple “TLC” paper for small amounts. Having the Mushrooms is the catch. Information like this is given to IMGN
Members. Many Mushroom compounds are
worth more in weight than gold. If you
would like to get your share of this unknown business, and open up your
communication link to what’s going on in the world of Mushrooms, think about
joining IMGN. Go here for more
information: http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html

------------------------------------------------

Cooking With
Mushrooms

Grilled Mushrooms & Potatoes

1/2 lb. fresh Shiitake or Maitake Mushrooms

1 1/2 lbs. sliced red potatoes

1 medium onion, sliced

1/2 cup red bell pepper

3 garlic cloves, sliced

1/4 tsp. salt

Coat a large sheet of foil with butter (or a
spray such as Pam, if desired). Mix together all ingredients in a large bowl
and place on the foil. Fold the foil around everything and roll up the edges
tightly, you will need to flip it over!! Place on a hot grill for about one
hour. Rotate and turn over half way through cooking. Be extremely careful, it
will be very hot. Take care not to puncture or undo the foil while flipping!
You can check the tenderness of the potatoes if you wish by carefully removing
the package off the grill and carefully opening it, watching out, of course,
for hot steam! Goes great with steak and red wine!!!

----------------------------------------------

                 FMRC's
"Stimulus Sales"

Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help
generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community:

Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN).
Go for details:

http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html

Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)

During the Stimulus Sale,
your cost is only $150.00!

With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00
worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest
mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's
free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal
of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is
going on in the World of Mushrooms.

FMRC's Stimulus Sale
#1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits   $150.00

(Out of USA $180.00)

Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course.
Go for details:

http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html

This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:

             #84 TMC October 2009          Page 06
Copyrighted Material

COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled
Mushrooms. FMRC was the first to
introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of
Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by
"come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to
learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace,
sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one
else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start
as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!

Tuition Schedule:

Doctor......................$500.00

Master.......................260.00

Bachelor...................180.00

Associate.................100.00

Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion
are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and
other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and
"Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students
living outside the US
must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and
Handling.

Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and
cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these
courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by
most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be
acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This
is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If
degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an
increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by
the University of
North West Florida,
"To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And
my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are
not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I
many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on
identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves
learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore microscopy
and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They openly relay
to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When I tell them
about these very same courses and how they can take them at their own pace and
time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher specific learning
accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges offer. Persons holding
academic degrees can present our "Certificate of Completion" as
supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning into the specific area
of Basidiomycetes.

When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all
the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All
you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon
Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H.
Lincoff. You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good
one. It is available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for under
$20.00. "Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 07
Copyrighted Material

FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course
$200.00

(Out of USA $240.00)

Want to save even more?

Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom
course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over
$1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00.

Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make
payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post
office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted.
Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.

MUSHROOM QUIZ
"MQ"

Mushroom Quiz ("MQ") is featured in each edition of this
Journal. If you know the answer, write it down and mail it in. No
phone calls. No E-mail. No FAX. Your entry must be mailed by
1st Class U.S. Mail only (Overseas and Out Of Country can use Airmail).
The first letter that is opened and has the correct answer WINS.

What do you win? An entire year’s subscription to this
Journal…..FREE! Your name will be posted with the correct answer in the
following edition (unless you state "Not to publish your
name"). So, come on and impress your mushroom friends with your
knowledge. Send your entry to FMRC, "MQ", POB 18105, Pensacola, FL
32523.

Last Issue’s "MQ" for #83 "TMC": What does “favose” mean?

Last Issue’s Answer: It means
“Hollow or “Honeycomb”.

WINNER with first correct answer: Herb Harris, MA

"MQ" For This Issue #84: What does “Amerospore” mean?

---------------------------------------------

Subscription Sale
with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals

For over 20 years, FMRC has
published the World's only color mushroom journals that come with actual
"Spore Print Samples" affixed inside.
And now, subscribing to these great mushroom journals is better than
ever before. Order a TWO Year
Subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom
Cultivation (TMC) for the low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 Out of USA) and
receive the 2 Disk Set of "THE GOSPEL OF MUSHROOMS”, a $60.00 value!

All the TMC Issues from #01
to #69 are on "THE GOSPEL”. You will
see all the mycological achievements made over the last 2 decades.....all in
COLOR! All the stories, all the events,
they’re all here. A major Mycological
Publishing Event! All you have to do is
just place the disks into your computer, and you will be there to see it all!

Or, you can order a TWO-year
subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of

Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO)
for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and
receive the TEO Issues #01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!

When placing your order
please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.

If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years
will just be added to your current subscription. Here is one even better……..

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 08
Copyrighted Material

Order BOTH Journals, and just
send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions. This will save you Big Time.......($150.00
Out of USA)

Mail your request and payment
made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL 32523. Sorry, no online or credit card orders. The Florida Mycology
Research Center
(FMRC), Publisher.

----------------------------------

CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING
PEOPLE

Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a
year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input: Dottie
Harris for free Mushroom Spore Print Samples of Hygrophorus
flavodiscus in this Issue,
Herb Harris for correct answer to #83 TMC Mushroom Quiz and Brandy Morgan for
Color Photograph of Stemonitis fusca.

------------------------------------------

CULTURE
FLASK…….. Is this your last Issue on
Subscription?

For Physical "TMC" HARD COPY
Subscriptions That Contain Spore Samples

IF YOUR CULTURE FLASK HAS A "RED" CONTAMINANT IN IT, THIS IS YOUR LAST ISSUE! Send $30 to renew your subscription ($50 US
Dollars for Out Of Country), for another year's subscription. The "RED" contaminant is your only
reminder, other than your mailing label saying "00" issues left after
your first name. As we value your
support and interests, please send payment now while it is on your mind. This way, "TMC" can continue and
you will never miss an issue. After all,
it is your Journal

----------------------------------------

FREE
Coprinus comatus Spore Print Sample

Just a
heads up on the next January 2010 #85
“THE MUSHROOM CULTURE”.

The Free
Spore Print Sample that will be in that Issue will be Coprinus comatus, the Shaggy Mane.
They were collected recently from one of FMRC’s IMGN Members in Norway.

              #84
TMC October 2009          Page 09
Copyrighted Material

The
Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)

Color photograph for #84, "THE
MUSHROOM CULTURE"

October 2009

Photograph Copyrighted by FMRC

Identified by photograph as Stemonitis fusca, with
the help of Mr. John Allen. This strange
looking fungal structure was photographed and sent in by Brandy Morgan, AR.

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 10 Copyrighted Material

Mycology in the Media

Marshall E. Deutsch

New Scientist (NS) for 25 April reports on fungi only
by citing Kerry Knudsen naming a lichen Caloplaca
obamae “to show [his] appreciation for the president’s support of science
and science education.” But Science
for 8 May contains many references to fungi, as befits an issue devoted to
plant-microbe interactions.

The initial editorial points out that
“Purified isolates of rhizosphere-derived bacteria or fungi can promote plant
growth…Thus, the rhizosphere microbiome is likely to tune both maximal plant
growth-promoting and protective functions.” Later in the issue, we learn of
concern that “a highly virulent race of stem rust, called Ug99, a plant
pathogen that had recently crossed the border [of Kenya]
from Uganda
and was threatening wheat farmers around the world.” A letter expresses concern
over the spread of grapevine trunk diseases which are “the consequences of a
complex of fungi that was described as early as the end of the 20^th
century.” And articles concerning plant-fungus interactions are entitled:
“Terrific Protein Traffic: The Mystery of Effector Protein Delivery by
Filamentous Plant Pathogens,” “Hormone (Did)harmony Moulds Plant Health and
Disease,” “Reprogramming Plant Cells for Endosymbiosis,” and “Coevolution of
Plants and Their Pathogens in Natural Habitats”

The Boston Globe for May 18, expresses concern that humans may be
spreading the spores of the white nose syndrome of bats in reporting on a US
Fish and Wildlife Service request for a voluntary caving ban. And Science for 22 May reports that “The
fungal pathogen Candida albicans
responds to increases in temperature by initiating a transition from growing as
a single-celled yeast to a multicellular filamentous form, the latter
associated with greater virulence.”

NS for 23 May claims that “There is a
tradition of driving warriors berserk with drugs, alcohol and magic mushrooms.”
And elsewhere reports that “Historic cave paintings in France partially
saved from attack by a black fungus face a new threat: bacteria that moved in
following four years of spraying with fungicide.” The issue closes with a
discussion of a moldy bar of soap, which an expert suspects “sported a
selection of Sardinian domestic moulds. Fusarium,
Mucor, even white strains of cheese
fungi, such as Penicillium camemberti,
might be present.

The white-nose syndrome of bats
received above-the-fold front-page treatment in The Metrowest Daily News for May 24. And Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) for May 25 closes an article on bug-busting strategies
with news of a grant “to determine whether it’s feasible to infect
malaria-bearing mosquitoes with a fungus that causes a head-cold-like illness,
hampering the bugs’ sense of smell and their ability to find human hosts.”

Back to Science, which provides new information about the bat fungus (Geomyces spp.) in the 29 May issue. Some
experts have pointed out that fungal infections don’t typically kill animals,
but tend to be secondary infections that attack an animal already compromised
by some other pathogen, such as a virus or bacterium. Others suggest that
a possible clue to how the fungus is
causing bats to starve in the winter is that infected bats seem to be lacking
in chitinase-producing bacteria, which help normal bats digest chitin in the
winter. Chitin, from insect exoskeletons, may be the only source of calories,
other than body fat, for bats during that season. How to deal with this problem
is suggested in American Scientist for
May-June, wherein it is suggested that heated bat-boxes be provided for
hibernation, and a plan for doing so is announced.

C&EN for June 1 repeats an important bit of
information it first presented in 1984: “Stripe rust infects wheat plants most
readily at 7˚ C.”

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 11
Copyrighted Material

And, for readers who are not wheat plants, here’s a long quotation
from Nature for June 4: “A form of
mushroom poisoning that leads to often-fatal breakdown of skeletal muscle
tissue has been claiming unlucky victims in Japan since at least the 1950s.
However, the toxin responsible has eluded mycologists owing to both its
instability and confusion about the classification of the Russula mushrooms that it is associated with…

Russula subnigricans from Kyoto were toxic when fed
to mice, whereas similar mushrooms from Miyagi prefecture were not.
[T]he toxic compound responsible for the poisoning [was identified as]
cycloprop-2-

ene carboxylic acid. Extrapolating from data on mice, … a serving
of two to three mushroom caps (less than 200 grams) would kill most humans.”

Humans can be saved from this
fate by education, but frogs are harder to teach and so, as described in NS for 6 June, scientists are working
on a way to protect frogs from Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis by topical application of Janthinobacterium
lividum, a probiotic skin bacterium. The bacterium produces an antibiotic
called violacein. The antifungal drug, itraconazole, has also been used to
treat frog rot.

On the other hand, measures to protect human supplies of wheat
from Ug99, the especially virulent
strain of the fungus that causes stem rust, are not being undertaken as rapidly
as they would be if scientists had better access to seed banks. Science for 12 June reports on the
difficulties that plant breeders are having in gaining timely access to seed
banks, despite the 2004 International Treaty requiring such access. In the same
issue is reported the lack of progress in determining the cause of Kashin-Beck
disease which has “crippled and stunted the growth of hundreds of thousands of
people in China’s
heartland.” Fungal toxins have been implicated, but the precise cause is “an
enduring mystery.”

Sometimes it’s to our advantage
to help pathogenic fungi. NS for 13
June describes how, if a termite nest is treated with a sugar derivative (C&EN for June 15 tells us that the
derivative is D-Glucono-δ-lactone) which mimics the molecules found on the
surface of a fungus that attacks termites, the sugar derivative binds to the
immune proteins which normally protect the termites and renders them
susceptible to fungal attack. And sometimes fungi can feed human egos, as Larry
Millman calls to our attention in an on-line report headlined NEW SPECIES OF
PHALLUS-SHAPED MUSHROOM NAMED AFTER CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SCIENTIST.
The report describes a new species of stinkhorn, Phallus drewesii, which is only two inches long, orders of
magnitude smaller than even the eventual remnant of the physical embodiment of
Ozymandias’ fame. A beautiful picture of
the fungus is shown in Science for 26
June, wherein we are also reminded that bacterial symbionts living in insects
produce antibiotics that suppress fungi that would otherwise harm the insects.

Ug99 keeps cropping up, and, in
an article entitled A ‘time bomb for world wheat crop’ the Los Angeles Times for June 14 gives some idea of the difficulties
involved in fighting it: “Roughly 16,000 wheat varieties and other plants have
been tested in the cereal disease lab over the last four years. The tests were
conducted between Dec. 1 and the end of February, when the Minnesota weather is so frigid that escaping
spores would quickly perish…

“These and similar efforts at a research station in
Kenya have turned up only a handful of promising resistance genes, which crop
breeders…are trying to import into vulnerable strains of wheat.”

“Newly Uncovered Enzymes Turn
Corn Plant Waste Into Biofuel” headlines a Scientific
American online article on June 22. Even if this column didn’t focus on
fungi, I’m sure you would correctly conclude that the enzymes are of fungal
origin.

An article in Parade magazine for June 28 claims that
“milk can be an effective fungicide. One common fungal problem is powdery
mildew, which can kill zucchini, squash, melons, and other fruits and
vegetables…a mix of milk and water worked just as well at inhibiting fungi as
commercial products.” A better solution, suggests George Riner, might be to
inoculate the garden with wine caps (see page 5). #84
TMC OCT 2009 Page 12 Copyrighted Material

Fungi play a role in Natural History for June only in that
they are stated to be responsible for one of the two lethal diseases which prey
on falconers’ birds: aspergillosis, a fungal infection of the respiratory
system. An article on diseases of honey bees in the same issue focuses on
mites, but makes no mention of fungi, whereas National Wildlife for June, in discussing the recent severe decline
in bees states that “Scientists suspect the bees picked up a fungal disease
from European bees, then spread it to wild bumblebees across the country as
colonies were moved among commercial growers.
”Even the June issue of Free
Inquiry seems to be almost as conscious of fungi as Natural History. Here’s a quotation from a book review
therein: “[A book under review] explores
the real-life Stepford Wives movement that is growing like a fungus within
Christian fundamentalism, largely out of sight of mainstream America.”

The Boston Sunday Globe for July 5 contains a warning about placing
mulch next to the foundation of a house. The fear is that “artillery fungus,
which hides in the mulch and fires spores up to 15 feet away” will soil the
house in a way that’s hard to clean.

Of course, there are many fungi
that get really close to us. C&EN for July 20 informs us that
“the National Institutes of Health is so interested in the link between disease
and our resident bacteria, fungi, and archaea that the agency established the
Human Microbiome Project in 2007.” Okay that’s not exactly breaking news. In
the same issue, a fungus is blamed for the effects (and therefore the names) of
locoweeds (primarily Astragalus and Oxytropis species): “the agent behind
locoism is the toxic alkaloid swainsonine, apparently produced by an endophytic
fungus living inside the plants’ cells. A mimic of the sugar mannose,
swainsonine interferes with mannosidase enzymes.” I think the unhelpfulness of
this fungus is more than made up for by the helpfulness of yeast, a recent
example of which is presented in C&EN
for July 27, wherein we are told of a yeast-based human antibody discovery and
optimization system with enormous potential in biotherapeutics.

Then there’s Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, a fungus,
which infects Camponotus leonardi
ants that live in tropical rainforest trees. Scientific American
online for July 31 tells how this “fungus has adapted to infect ants and force
them to chomp, with surprising specificity, into perfectly located leaves
before killing them and taking over their bodies.” Much more impressive than
the doings of movie space aliens!

The great importance of fungi in
the restoration of ecosystems is emphasized in Science for 31 July, wherein we read that “as intensive use of
sites is deliberately decreased in order to achieve a more natural state, there
is an increase in the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass as more-complex
organic material enters the soil matrix in these systems and physical
perturbations decrease. The ratio increases further with scrub and forest
development, which is consistent with the observation of a shift of resource
and energy flows from root to fungal “energy channels” as systems move from
early to later successional stages.”

There’s a limit, of course to
the desirability of the fungi taking over, as illustrated in a front-page (of
the Metro section) article in the Boston
Globe for July 31, detailing the spread of Phytophthera in New England, and
its effect on produce farmers.

Scientific
American for July describes an unlikely source for a fungicide: “A fungus
that lives on the southern pine beetle helps it to digest wood pulp. In return,
the beetle plays host to a bacterium that produces a powerful antifungal agent,
which kills competing fungi but not the beetle’s mutualist.” An unlikely place
to find a fungicide, but even more unlikely is a reference to a fungal
geneticist named Joan Bennett in Playboy
for July/August, in an article on female sexuality. Bennett is described as
giving an A+ (for a paper on female sexuality) to a student who was then an
English major, but went on to become an expert on female sexuality.

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 13 Copyrighted Material

I know that slime molds are not considered to be fungi, but they
are so fascinating that I feel impelled to note a book review in American Scientist for July-August. The
book under review is THE SOCIAL AMOEBAE: The Biology of Cellular Slime Molds by
John Tyler Bonner, and the review describes, in sufficient detail to carry it
out, a simple and easy way to collect and observe these fascinating beings.

But fungi are
more likely to threaten than to amuse as detailed in NS for 8 August, wherein we learn that the “Ug99 wheat rust, a
virulent fungus that wipes out entire crops, is poised to cross the border
[into Afghanistan] from Iran.” If
nature would respond to human laws, not only could Ug99 be thwarted, but a
common fungal infection could be prevented by application of a recently passed California initiative. I
refer to an article in Nature for 13
August, entitled “Same-sex mating in Candida albicans.” Here are the shocking details: “The
yeast Candida albicans, which causes mucosal infections such as
thrush as well as systemic infections, was once thought strictly asexual, but
it is now known that a cryptic mating cycle exists in this organism. Mating
normally involves fusion of a and cell types, a
system similar to that in the related yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Now an additional and novel mode of sexual reproduction has been discovered
in C. albicans. Under specific conditions — in the absence of
the bar1 gene that encodes a secreted protease — efficient
same-sex mating can take place between a-type cells.” The editor’s
summary goes on to point out that
“Similarities between same-sex mating in C. albicans and
that in the unrelated fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans raise
the possibility that 'homothallism' of this type promotes the survival of these
species in the mammalian host.”

Less
sensational is the reference to fungi in Wired
for August, wherein is described the revival of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which had lain
dormant for 45 million years. And less heart-warming is an article on
white-nose syndrome in bats in Scientific
American for August, wherein is pointed out the important role of bats
which are the primary predators of some agricultural pests and important
pollinators of some food crops. And, of course, they eat a lot of mosquitoes.

Another hot topic is the chili pepper,
and National Wildlife for
August/September points out that the apparent target of capsaicin (the compound
responsible for the spicy flavor) is “a seed-rotting fungus that spreads down
bore holes made by insects.” Capsaicin also discourages mice and javelinas, but
does not affect birds to which it is apparently tasteless.

Finally, in Free Inquiry for August/September, an
article on the origins of Christianity begins with a description of a report on
a psilocybin experiment in which two-thirds of those to whom psilocybin had
been administered reported two months later that their experience had been
either the single most meaningful experience of their lives or among the five
most meaningful experiences of their lives.
Marshall E. Deutsch…………….MED41@aol.com

The
2008-2009 Mushroom Sales for the US

The
2008-09 NASS Mushroom Report: Mushrooms sales were up 1%. Mushroom
value down 1%. The U.S.
mushroom crop was 817 million pounds. This mushroom crop sold for $957
million. The number of growers listed was 285. Agaricus mushroom
production was 802 million pounds and sold for $909 million. The total
number of Agaricus growers was 116. Specialty mushrooms like Shiitake,
Oyster, and all other Exotics sales were $48 million. A lot of Mushroom
Growing Operations, are family owned. If anybody is thinking they might
like to get their share of this business, think about this. If you
already know how to grow mushrooms, you have a big advantage over others who
are looking at these numbers. If you want to grow and sell mushrooms,
joining the Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN) can be the most
important investment toward this goal you can make. Over 7,000 strong and
established back in 1983. Go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html and you
will find all the details on IMGN. slp/fmrc #84 TMC October 2009 Page 14
Copyrighted Material

New
Mushroom

Journal CD-ROMS

“THE MUSHROOM
CULTURE”, The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)……Now comes the #3 CD-ROM of “The
Gospel of Mushrooms”. This new #3
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#2, the #3 CD comes in color, just like the Issues were published. Just place it in your computer, and you will
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just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com
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#3 GOSPEL
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“TEONANACATL”, The International
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has #1 - #13 “TEO” Back Issues. This new #2

“TEO” CD-ROM has all the “TEO” Back Issues #14 - #28. Just place it in
your computer, and you will be there to see it all. Just like the

“TEO” #1 CD-ROM, this #2 “TEO” CD-ROM comes in color just like the Issues were published.
To check out the Contents of these past Back Issues, just go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com
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section for our Journals.

#2 “TEO” CD-ROM,
TEO’s #14 - #28…..………$40.00 Save even more money……..buy both #3 Gospel and #2
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------------------------------------------------

FMRC's 2009 Christmas Sale

The Gospel of Mushrooms

This will be your communications link to growing many different species of
mushrooms. The Gospel of Mushrooms contains all the Back Issues of
'THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation
(TMC) up to the time #3 Gospel CD-ROM was published, #83 TMC July 2009.
The Gospel of Mushrooms is a 3 CD-ROM set. It covers the last 25 years of
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of Mushrooms is a major Mycological publishing Event dealing with
mushrooms. All you have to do is place the disk into your computer, and
you will be there to see it all.

The Gospel #01 CD-ROM has all the TMC Back Issues #01 thru #40.

The Gospel #02 CD-ROM has all the TMC Back Issues #41 thru #69, plus a
Classified section, plus an extraordinary Mushroom Gallery.

The Gospel #03 CD-ROM has all the TMC Back Issues #70 thru #83.

#84 TMC October 2009 Page 15
Copyrighted Material

To purchase all three of these Gospel CD's would
cost you the listed price of $100.00. To purchase all 83 Back Issues in
Hard Copy, $830.00.

The Entire Gospel THREE CD-ROMs Christmas sale price……$65.00

Or……you could join the Independent Mushroom
Grower’s Network (IMGN) and all 3 Gospels FREE!
Go to http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html and learn how.

---------------------------------------------------------

The "TEONANACATL", The International Journal of Psychoactive
Mushrooms (TEO)

The TEO Back Issues #01 CD-ROM has all the TEO Back Issues #01 thru #13.

The TEO Back Issues #02 CD-ROM has all the TEO Back Issues #14 thru #28.

To purchase both these CD-ROMs would cost you the listed price of $80.00.
To purchase all 28 Back Issues in Hard Copy, $280.00.

Both TEO CD-ROMs Christmas sale price……..$55.00

Want to save even more? Order both TMC and TEO Back Issue CD-ROMs, that's
all 5 CD-ROMs, for only $100.00.

Want to look over the information covered on these CD-ROMs? Just go to
www.mushroomsfmrc.com and click "Catalog" off of the main menu.
Scroll down until you come to the Back Issues Section. Each Issue is
listed with a brief summary of its contents. They are the only Color Mushroom
Journals that come with FREE Mushroom Spore Print Samples mounted inside, each
Issue.

Just write down what you want to order. Send request and payment made out
to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola,
FL 32523.
Sale ends Jan.
31, 2010. If you join IMGN, you get all
the 3 Gospels free. Go to http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html to get more information.

------------------------------------------

#84
TMC October 2009 Page 16 Copyrighted Material

Florida Mycology Research Center
(FMRC)

POB 18105, Pensacola, FL
32523 USA

This copy belongs to: _____________________________

Please follow the indicated routing and
return:

Mycology Department

Botany Department

Biology Department

Science & Mathematics Department

Research & Development

Purchasing

Library

Other_________________________________________

To the desk of:__________________________________

#84 TMC
October 2009

For July 2009 $15.00

This is an Electronic Issue

The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)

The Official Mushroom Journal for the “Independent

Mushroom Grower’s Network” (IMGN)

To learn more about IMGN, see www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html, or write to FMRC to get complete information on this old and unique mushroom association…many valuable benefits.

___ This is a "RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains all spore prints and photographs.

___ This is a "NON-RESTRICTED" Issue. It contains no mushroom spore prints.

___ This is a "REPRINT"/"Photo Copy" Issue. It may not contain prints or pictures. Published by: Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)

P.O. Box 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523-8105

1.850.327.4378 FloridaMycology@cs.com

www.mushroomsfmrc.com

EDITORS: You the reader

6,000 IMGN Members

Marshall E. Deutsch: Articles Taken from "The Bulletin Of

The Boston Mycological Club” and other recent references

to fungi encountered during the editor’s quotidian activities

Mushroom News by Ross Nagot

Cooking Editor: Robin Arnold

Chief Editor: Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC

It is official from the USDA: The 2007/2008 USA Mushroom Cash Crop was $964 Million!!! There were only 286 registered growers!!! Maybe you should check out “IMGN” and start getting your share!

http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html

The world’s only color Mushroom Journal that comes with actual “Live Mushroom Spore Print Samples” affixed inside (held safe inside a small sealed plastic envelope).

C O N T E N T S

For #83 TMC July 2009

Subscription and other Journal Information……………………..……….01

How to place an ad in TMC………………………………………………02

Mushroom Books offered only by FMRC……………………….……….02

Submitting Spore Samples for this Journal……………………………….02

Free Mushroom Spore Print Sample Grifola frondosa …………….03

TMC Back Issue Sale…………………………………………….……….03

Mushroom Journals on line for free inspection and download……..…….03

Information on TMC Journal Free Spore Samples………………….……04

Submitting Articles to be published in TMC………………………..……05

How to win free subscriptions to TMC………………………………..….05

Ross Nagot………………………………………………………………..05

Mushrooms and breast cancer…………………………………………05

Fungi may elevate the immune system…………………………….….06

Man dies after eating wild mushrooms…………………………….…..07

Aloha Medicinals…………………………………………………..…08

Morel mushrooms baffle scientists………………………………….11

Fight Swine Flu With Mushrooms……………………………..……12

Mycology in the Media………Marshall E. Deutsch……………….....13

Otzi, the Ice man………………………………………………………13

Truffle aroma………………………………………………….……..14

Earthworms and Mushrooms…………………………………..……..14

Wheat Rust…………………………………………………………….14

Insect-killing fungi……………………………………………………..15

Bark-damaging fungus…………………………………………..…..15

Bat Fungus……………………………………………………………..16

Mail Call….Phalloidin………………………………………………..…..17

Russian History and Marx………………………………………………..17

Color Photograph of the Volva from Amanita muscaria………….…..…18

Stimulus Sale……………………………………………………………..19

Mushroom Quiz…………………………………………………………..20

Subscription Sale with CD-ROMs for this TMC Journal………………..20

Winners of FREE TMC Subscriptions……………………………..…….21

Culture Flask…………………………………………………..…………21

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 01 Copyrighted Material

How To Place An Ad In “TMC”

For 1 full year (4 issues)…Full page $500.00, ½ page $250.00, ¼ page $125.00.

For one time (1 issue)…Full page $200.00, ½ page $100.00, ¼ page $50.00, 40 word ad $20.00.

-----------------------------------

Books Available Only From FMRC’s Book Store………And Now It Is On Line For FREE Viewing

Submitting Spore Samples for This Journal

quite troublesome to place the said samples into the Journals. To this date, I know of no one else who has tried taking on this task. Mushroom prints should be taken on paper. Any dark colored spores can be taken on white paper. Light colored or white spores

-----------------------------------------------------------

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 02 Copyrighted Material

Mushroom Spore Print sample For #83 “TMC” "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
Grifola frondosa, also known as “Maitake”.
EDIBILITY – Choice

FMRC’s Catalog Number …………………………………………………………#SO2011

Samples collected by Jeff Lewis, Idaho ………September, 2008

-------------------------------------------------

"TMC” Journal Sale

SALE #1. …. Order any TEN back issues ($100 value) and get a full year’s subscription ($30 value) for only $60.00. Overseas and outside the USA, Airmail $80.00.

------------------------------------

TMC Back Issues

FMRC’s TWO Mushroom Journals Are Now Online…..FREE

A public service from the Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)

Publishing Mushroom Journals since 1984! Now, over 20 years of mycological documentations............

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 03 Copyrighted Material

All this is made possible by donations. Make your financial support out to FMRC and mail it in today. This will insure the future Postings and the Journals themselves.

For full summary reviews of all Back Issues of both Journals go to www.mushroomsfmrc.com and then click Catalogs. Scroll down until you come to them. Said pages will be toward the end.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

in an area where they are forbidden, you will accept all liabilities and responsibilities. When FMRC learns about a forbidden area, all issues going into that area will comply with its local laws. EXAMPLE: No spore samples of any mushroom capable of producing a controlled substance will be included in "TMC" issues bound for the State of California. FMRC is aware of CA State Laws, which forbid possession of said type mushroom spores. This means under no conditions. Not even if you are a medical doctor working under a Federal Grant at a CA College or University, and an IMGN Member…these will not be shipped to CA. If you would like to receive "Restricted" Issues, and live in CA, you may give us another address in another state. If

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 04 Copyrighted Material

someone else mails the Journal to you, it is then their responsibility, and not FMRC. We have also been informed that the State of Georgia also has laws that forbid mushroom spores capable of producing Controlled Substances. FMRC, the publisher of "TMC", will continue to the best of it’s ability to adhere to all laws pertaining to mushrooms, both here in USA and Overseas. In any

event, only on rare occasions will the "TMC" have mushroom spore print samples affixed inside

that will be capable of producing any said controlled substances, and their entry would be for ID purposes only. This has been brought about by the Journal "TEONANACATL" (TEO). All said type spore print samples will be affixed inside the "TEO" Journal. "Non Restricted" Issues, not containing these type spores, will be mailed to "illegal" areas like CA, ID, or GA.

-------------------------------------------

Ross Nagot Start

http://www.smh.com.au/world/science/one-mushroom-a-day-to-stop-breast-cancer-study-20090318-91fv.html

One mushroom a day to stop breast cancer: study

* March 18, 2009

Mushrooms and green tea could be the simplest way for women to reduce their risk of breast cancer.

An Australian study has sought to determine the protective qualities of the traditional diet in China, where the incidence of the cancer is up to five times lower than in Western countries.

Dr Min Zhang, of the University of Western Australia, looked at differences across the diets of more than 2000 Chinese women, half of whom had the cancer.

He found mushrooms were the key and eating as little as 10 grams, or less than one button mushroom, daily could protect against breast cancer.

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 05 Copyrighted Material

Women who consumed the most fresh mushrooms were about two-thirds less likely to develop breast cancer, in comparison with those who did not consume mushrooms.

There was also reduced incidence of the cancer among women who drank green tea, according to the research published in the International Journal of Cancer.

Commenting on the research, West Australian-based dietician and healthy eating specialist Glenn Cardwell said it supported earlier studies that showed how natural compounds in mushrooms could inhibit breast cancer growth.

"While the researchers have stressed that this study does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship, the study has shown that it is biologically plausible for mushrooms and green tea to play a significant dietary role in reducing the risk of breast cancer," Mr Cardwell said.

"With further research, and as part of our whole food approach to minimizing breast cancer risk, we may one day be able to provide women with the advice to relax with some mushrooms and a nice warm cuppa."

http://www.healthnewsdigest.com/news/Research_270/Spore-bearing_Fungi_May_Elevate_Immune_System.shtml

Spore-bearing Fungi May Elevate Immune System

By Arizona State University

Mar 19, 2009 - 6:05:17 PM

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(HealthNewsDigest.com) - MESA, Ariz. — Edible mushrooms are a versatile functional food and have been touted as a way to preserve youth, longevity and overall health for centuries. Now nutrition researchers from Arizona State University and Pennsylvania State University are finding that they may even help boost the immune system and reduce inflammation, especially in the colon.

Keith R. Martin, ASU assistant professor in nutrition, along with his Penn State colleagues, experimented with various types of mushrooms, from the more common white button to the exotic like shiitake and oyster, to see what sort of effect they had on the immune system. Their paper was published in late February in BMC Immunology, a peer reviewed online journal.

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 06 Copyrighted Material

“We found that the white button mushroom seemed to be the most effective in boosting the immune system, which is good because they are the most affordable,” said Martin.

The ASU and Penn State researchers performed a series of experiments adding five mushroom varieties to the diets of mice. The amount of mushrooms consumed by the animals is equivalent to roughly 2.5 cups of raw mushrooms daily for humans, according to Martin.

The researchers found that the effects on healthy animals were much weaker than the effects seen in isolated immune cells in lab studies with all the mushroom types. Rodents that ate a diet consisting of 2% white button mushrooms for four weeks showed no change in their immune system and no signs of toxicity.

However, when the researchers fed the animals a chemical that triggers colon inflammation and can promote the growth of colon tumors, the rodents that had white button mushroom in their diet were protected from weight loss and colon injury.

“I would like to test whole mushrooms again with inflammation and may try a small human study,” says Martin, “and I anticipate a beneficial effect in humans, too.”

The research team’s initial grant proposal was one of four selected by The Mushroom Council for funding.

www.HealthNewsDigest.com

http://www.myfoxdetroit.com/dpp/news/dpgo_wild_mushrooms2251347

Man Dies After Eating Wild Mushrooms

Updated: Thursday, 12 Mar 2009, 7:36 PM EDT

Published : Thursday, 12 Mar 2009, 5:57 PM EDT

* By LILY FU, MyFox National

LOS ANGELES - An 82-year-old man whose hobby was to collect wild mushrooms to eat has died after consuming ones he thought weren't poisonous.

Angelo Crippa died a week ago at the Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital in California after eating the deadly Amanita ocreata mushrooms, according to the Los Angeles Times .

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 07 Copyrighted Material

Crippa loved searching for wild mushrooms in the hills of Santa Barbara, a passion he carried on from his Italian immigrant parents. The kind of mushroom Crippa ingested is known as "death angel," whose toxins circulate through the body and eventually cause liver failure.

Relatives had warned him of the dangers of eating wild mushrooms. "You couldn't tell him anything because he'd been so lucky for 82 years," Crippa's wife, Joan, said.

The FDA says that most poisonings tend to occur in spring and fall when mushrooms are at their peak. Among the more famous mushroom poisoning cases -- both the Roman Emperor Claudius and Pope Clement VII were rumored to have died from ingesting poisonous mushrooms.

http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/20090405/NEWS/904059970/1005/NONE&parentprofile=1058

Carson company produces exotic mushrooms used in medicinal products

By Kirk Caraway

John Holliday gets excited when he’s talking about mushrooms.

Walking through the offices of Aloha Medicinals on Arrowhead Drive on the north side of Carson City, Holliday veers into a side office to show off a collection of exotic Cordyceps, tiny mushrooms that grow out of the bodies of dead insects like caterpillars and crickets. These fungi have been gathered from remote areas in Asia and South America with the hope of curing everything from the common cold to cancer.

Aloha Medicinals is a bio-pharmaceutical company that specializes in creating the raw materials from mushrooms to make medicines, particularly immune-enhancement products. Holliday is the company’s founder and president.

“We think this is the next generation of medicine,” Holliday said. “These are medicines derived from natural products, but using modern technology to standardize it.”

Holliday explains that the basic science is based on how fungi coexist with bacteria in the natural world. According to Holliday, bacteria and fungi grow from the same food supply, but bacteria are smaller, move faster and reproduce quicker than fungi.

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 08 Copyrighted Material

“Nature has evolved this mechanism to allow the fungus an advantage in the food chain,” Holliday said. “Fungus, yeast and mold exude compounds out from their cells into the surrounding environment that kill or stun bacteria. These are the compounds we call antibiotics. This is where penicillin comes from.”

By isolating these antibacterial compounds, Holliday said they can produce products that can combat a wide range of diseases for which modern medicines often don’t work or produce too many side effects.

From Tibet to Carson

One of the Cordyceps Aloha mass produces grows out of the heads of caterpillars living above 14,000 feet in Tibet. Holliday said these Cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese medicines for 1,000 years, and he and his crew led an expedition to Tibet to find and gather them for their research.

Holliday said that in San Francisco, these Cordyceps can fetch $75,000 per kilo.

But in their Carson City facility, Holliday said they can produce 175,000 kilos of Cordyceps per month, more than the entire world supply of wild Cordyceps.

The company cultivates the fungi in a laboratory setting, isolating it to genetically pure strains. It then injects these cultures into bags of sterilized growing medium where it grows until ready for harvest. It’s then processed to be ready to use in different products.

“We are looking at it through a lens of modern science, how we can utilize technology to bring those effective, non-toxic, low-cost medicines to address today’s serious illnesses of cancer, HIV, diabetes,” Holliday said.

What is medicine?

Under U.S. law, the products Aloha produces are classified as dietary supplements. Holliday explained that in the U.S., any product classified as medicine has to be cooked down to a single molecule before it can be tested, a standard he derides as absurd.

“Most of the world does not have an artificial divide between what is considered real medicine and what it considered traditional medicine,” Holliday said. “Whatever medicine is useful for the patient is what is being used. We run clinical trials, we publish studies, we have patents. There’s no difference between what

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 09 Copyrighted Material

we are doing and what Pfizer is doing, other than Pfizer is working at the single-molecule level.”

Aloha produces the raw materials for more than 700 companies who use them to make products. Half of their products are used for animals, such as compounds claiming to cure or prevent cancer in dogs.

Other products are being distributed in Africa as a cure for HIV. Holliday said they were doing cancer research, when they noticed the people taking the drug for cancer who had HIV were getting better.

“We have a product that is distributed in about 18 countries which is more effective than any of the HIV drugs being used in this country, is a whole lot cheaper and non-toxic,” Holliday said. “The party line today is that HIV is an incurable disease, and that is not the case. We have many patients that are converting from HIV positive to HIV negative.”

Holliday also claims they have compounds from mushrooms that can cure the common cold.

Scifi fungi

But if this sounds far-fetched, Holliday also said the company is doing work that is straight out of the movie “Jurasic Park.” He said they are reanimating fungus taken from coal deposits in order to create antibiotic compounds that can battle so-called super bugs that have become resistant to current treatments.

“Eight million years later, the bacteria present today have never been exposed to the antibiotics from back then, and they have no resistance,” Holliday said.

Holliday hails from Maui, Hawaii, where he started Aloha Medicinals in 1999. The company soon outgrew the island and moved to Santa Cruz, Calif., in 2002. But Holliday said operating there proved to be very expensive, and they moved to Carson City in 2007.

And while it has only been in Nevada for a short time, Aloha has garnered several accolades. The company was named the Nevada Small Business Exporter of the Year for 2009. Aloha also received the 2007 Governor's Industry Appreciation Award, and the 2008 Nevada Excellence in International Business Award.

“This company has been growing at more than 30 percent per year for 10 years,” Holliday said. He said they are looking at doubling their facility space as demand for the company’s products grows.

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 10 Copyrighted Material

“If it’s made from a mushroom, and it’s made in America, chances are it came from here.”

http://www.nilesstar.com/articles/2009/05/07/sports/ndsports6.txt

Morel mushrooms baffle scientists

Thursday, May 7, 2009 10:47 AM EDT

Here we are with another morel mushroom season upon us. Actually, certain species of morels have been sneaking up here in southern Michigan for a couple of weeks now.

That brings up something that has always bugged me. Just how many species of morels are there? Ask the question amongst a group of mushroom aficionados and you'll get as many different answers as there are people in the group. Some oversimplify it and say whites and blacks. Most will agree there are at least four species, blacks, grays, yellows and whites. Others rattle off a line-up like an overdue shopping list.

Actually, just how many morel species there are has long befuddled the scientific community. Some experts say only from three to six distinct types while others swear there are upwards of fifty different species. One of the things that make identification so difficult is that morels are polymorphic in appearance, meaning that individuals within a species vary greatly in shape, color and size. This can be due to stage of maturity, growing conditions or just because. Also, some evidence suggests that certain species may cross, further muddying the issue.

To keep things straight I have to resort to scientific names so bear with me. All true morels are in the genus Morchella so I will abbreviate that with the letter M. Every expert agrees there are at least three different species, M. esculenta, the typical, off-white colored morel which comes up late in the season, M. deliciosa, the yellow colored one found in mid season and M. elata, the black morel which is usually the first to appear. It's also a popular theory that this last one, the blacks, are actually a group of subspecies, including the ones that us commoners call grays. I have to believe that. I've often read that grays are just blacks in a certain part of the growth stage. Hogwash. I've left grays to grow for observation and they never turn into blacks and likewise, blacks never turn into grays. And how could those scientists that limit it to three species disregard M. semilebra, the early emerging ones us commoners call Frenchies, half-free, or a certain portion of a dog's anatomy? This long stemmed, tiny capped one doesn't even remotely resemble any of the other morels. And I must insist that the thick footed morel, M. crassipes, is a distinct species.

This is that humongous, pop can size one with the flared out stem base that comes up in open, grassy areas real late, even into June after every one has quit

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 11 Copyrighted Material

looking. This species debate has been raging so long that the exact number of morel types will probably never be defined but gene analyses leans toward there being fewer species, not more.

Complicating the issue for us laypersons are the false morels. These grow, look and eat similar to true morels but are in a different genus. Included here is the one I call the stumper. It's that little one which emerges real early and looks a lot like the typical morel but not quite. It's similar in color to the yellows but small, rounded and stubby and the wrinkles of the cap look different. It is Verpa (not Morchella) bohemica. Another is Verpa conica, similar to the Frenchie or half-free but with a smooth, chestnut brown cap. These false morels are easily distinguished from the real deal because the bottom edge of the cap is not attached to the stem, it's attached only at the top. Then there are the big, blobby ones commonly called beef steaks. They're wrinkly but don't resemble morels in shape so we won't worry about that one.

A final word of caution on eating morels, all morels and false morels have small amounts of toxins. This is mostly removed by thorough cooking but some people are more susceptible than others. Some folks must only eat morels in moderation and a few cannot tolerate them at all. If you're new to morel chompin' only eat a few and see how they sit. Of course, never eat morels raw. Also, alcohol enhances the toxins so go easy on the hooch. Carpe diem.

http://www.newsmax.com/health/swine_flu_mushrooms/2009/05/08/212299.html

Fight Swine Flu With Mushrooms

Friday, May 8, 2009 9:12 AM

By: Sylvia Booth Hubbard

The ordinary white button mushroom can help you beat the swine flu, researchers at Tufts University say. They have discovered that this lowly fungus, which for many years was thought to have no medicinal or nutritional value, in actuality gives our immune systems a big boost.

The Tufts study, published in The Journal of Nutrition, showed that grocery-store button mushrooms have as much anti-oxidant oomph as more exotic Asian mushrooms, long-prized for their ability to heal and to prevent disease. Common button mushrooms also contain polysaccharides and ergothioneine along with other substances that jump-start the immune system. Besides boosting immunity, the study showed they raise levels of cytokines, which are hormone-like proteins that help defend against viruses and tumors.

How many mushrooms are enough, and how should they be prepared? Holistic health counselor Margie King suggests one-half cup serving a day for full health

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benefits, and says you can add them to stews and soups or just put them in tossed salads.

Dietitian Glenn Cardwell calls mushrooms one of nature’s “true superfoods” and said, “While it is always tempting to reach for a quick fix vitamin or medical supplement, real food alternatives, such as the mushroom, are a healthier long term choice.”

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Mycology in the Media

Marshall E. Deutsch

In The New Yorker for February 2, we find violence against fungi condoned: “…just happily kicking the tops off mushrooms in a spirit of tremendous relief.” Nor are fungi treated with proper respect in Science for 6 February, which contains a special section on speciation. It begins with an editorial discussing the subject in invertebrates, birds , mammals and plants. There seems to be a major group of living beings missing here. I did, however find a single mention of the missing group in an article on the relative importance of kinship in the evolution of complex social systems in insects. Here it is: “Studies of bacteria and fungi show that a single gene can have a profound effect on dispersal.”

In New Scientist for 7 February, we find two references to mycophagy: a mention of the possibility that juvenile sauropods may have supplemented their diets with fungi and, what the N.S. columnist considers to be the best correction of the year, from a UK local paper: “Don’t eat these!” screamed the headline, over a note explaining that, “in last week’s cookery column entitled ‘Have fun with fungi,’ we inadvertently published this photograph of the beautiful but deadly poisonous fly agaric mushroom…Apologies for any confusion that may have ensued.” The original story had been headlined “Have fun with fungi - and lose weight fast.”

In Sue Pike’s column in Seacoast Online for February 11, we find the following : “This past weekend, I spent time out in the woods with my ethnomycologist friend, Lawrence Millman, (who, by the way, gave an excellent reading from his new book at the York Public Library last Friday night) looking for winter mushrooms…Along with artist's conks, we found a large number of other fungi, among which were the two mushrooms carried by Otzi [‘the Iceman’--remember?] himself: the birch polypore and the tinder polypore. Birch polypores grow exclusively on birch trees: beautiful rounded shelf fungi that remind me of meringues, creamy white underneath with a tan cap. Tinder polypores are hoof-shaped perennials and are also usually found on birch.

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“So, why was Otzi carrying birch polypores and tinder polypores? The birch polypores could have been used as a treatment for intestinal parasites, which Otzi had in abundance. The tinder polypores, as their name suggests, are used with flint and steel as fire starters and when dry can be pounded into a felt-like material that keeps embers smoldering and was used throughout the north to carry fire in one's travels.

“And, according to Lawrence, tinder polypores have numerous traditional medicinal uses: from anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties to cauterizing wounds and treating cancer.”

You know that we’re more closely related to fungi than to plants, so you may not be surprised to learn from Science for 13 February that yeast cells release pheromones which attract cells to mate with. And you certainly know that truffles mimic mammalian pheromones, which attract mammals that help spread their spores (Note the nonteleological way in which I express this!). In Science for 20 February an article describes studies of the composition of truffle aroma and the genes which make its constituents. The article concludes with “Of course, learning the delicious secrets of truffle biochemistry could make it possible to genetically engineer truffle aroma into more easily cultivated organisms, such as mushrooms. But would Europeans accept genetically modified portabellas with the whiff of tartufo bianco d.Alba?...”

Finally, we clean up February references with a letter in New Scientist for the 28^th in which a picture is shown of a bar of soap covered with a furry coat of mold. The correspondent asks “What is the mould and how did it grow on soap, which is supposed to keep your hands clean?”

Earthworms are not the mycologists’ friend according to Scientific American for March, which notes that “Earthworms change the forest soils from a fungal to a bacterial-dominated system, which speeds up the conversion of leaf detritus to mineral compounds and thereby potentially robs plants of organic nutrients.” And fungi are not the friends of wheat, as detailed in three articles in Science for 6 March.

Nature takes up the topic of wheat rust, in particular “Ug99 [It first appeared in Uganda in 1999], a highly dangerous fungus” on 17 March and, like Science, describes developing resistant strains of wheat. On 19 March, Nature describes studies of the genomes of domestic and wild yeasts, and concludes the streak of fungus associated reporting on 29 March with an article on looking for new antibiotics to use in people among the antibiotics produced by bacteria associated with leaf-cutting ants. The bacteria produce “an antibiotic that protects the ants’ fungal crops from associated parasitic fungi (such as Escovopsis).”

New Scientist takes up the Ug99 story on 21 March, reporting that new Ug99-resistant strains of wheat not only resist the rust but yields more grain. And

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Chemical & Engineering News finally mentions fungi this quarter in an article on how art conservators use intense light sources to destroy lichens. It is the thick cell wall of the algal component that makes the lichen explode when irradiated, but the result is a lifeless lichen.

The New Yorker for March 30, describes the spectacular business career of a Chinese woman. (Boner alert: in the issue after one in which they boast of their fact checking, they say that she is the eldest of eight children and, in the next paragraph quote her as saying she had eight brothers and sisters.) What does this have to do with fungi? Her partner tells how she had to watch out for people who would try to sell her waste paper which was unusable because it was moldy.

In New Scientist for 11 April, an article on insecticide resistance in malarial mosquitoes concludes with “Some insecticides that take weeks to kill, such as insect-killing fungi, are already being studied. [Andrew] Read [of Pennsylvania State University] believes these may be the only way to wipe out malaria.” This is because fast-acting insecticides which stop mosquitoes from reproducing give any insect that resists them an enormous competitive advantage and this drives the evolution of resistance. Killing only elderly mosquitoes, which have already reproduced, removes this selection pressure. In the same issue, an article on diseases of cacao tells of the damage done by the witches’ broom fungus in Brazil, and a test for the fungal cacao disease called black pod.

Monthly magazines predominate in my April encounters with references to fungi. Here’s what I came across in an article on chili peppers in Smithsonian magazine: “In Bolivia, fungal rot is a more pervasive threat than rodents. More than 90 percent of ripe wild chili fruits contain signs of fungal infections; it is the primary reason seeds die prior to being dispersed…just one fungus—from the Fusarium genus, light pink in color—is the main culprit regardless of the chili species…The more capsaicin, the less fungal infection…In the lab, fungus raised from mild peppers is easily inhibited by a little spiciness, whereas fungus from spicier pepper populations can withstand more heat.”

Scientific American for April reports that trees in the western U.S. have died off at an increasing rate over the past few decades because locally higher temperatures have decreased the available water and boosted the activity of a bark-damaging fungus. And I thought that dampness encourages fungal growth. In the same issue, an article on colony collapse disorder reports that a study of all the DNA associated with some bees identified DNA from two Nosema species and two other fungi, along with bee and bacteria DNA, of course.

In Harper’s Magazine for April, a Khmer Rouge survivor tells of being still angry against his mother twenty-five years after she failed to protect him when he was beaten in front of her and jailed for picking mushrooms. And in The Atlantic for April, a writer describing his visit to Finland states that “Had I been a Finn, I

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would have set off with industrious intent to thin trees, net fish, forage for mushrooms and berries, putter with hammer and nail, or even hunt down a reindeer.” Not being a Finn, he rested.

Penicillium stoloniferum is susceptible to a virus known as P. s. virus F, and Natural History for May shows an image of the outer shell, or “capsid,” of this virus. And Smithsonian for May further emphasizes the ubiquity of fungi with an article entitled “Finding Feisty Fungi,” and nicely summarized in the subtitle: “On treeless Antarctica, wood fungus is feasting on polar exploration relics.” In the same issue, an article on Chicago refers to “mushroomy huitlacoche, also known as corn smut or Mexican truffles—depending on whether you regard this inky fungus as blight or delight.” Meanwhile, the only mentions of fungi in Harper’s for May are “light leaf spot struck British oilseed rape, fungal berry disease wilt struck Ethiopian coffee, blast disease struck Indian rice, fungal infections struck Vietnamese black pepper, and [I guess] mystery diseases struck Malaysian bananas and Indonesian seaweed.” If you google these, you’ll see that the damage they cause is enormous.

It’s not obvious (but see the next paragraph) why keeping people out of caves will protect bats from white-nose syndrome, a fungal disease which appears as a white powder on the face and wings of hibernating bats, but, according to the Boston Sunday Globe for May 3, the Forest service has ordered the closing of caves and old mines to people, in order to halt the spread of the fungus. And the Albuquerque Journal for May 10 tells of another (see above) reason to infect malaria-carrying mosquitoes with a fungus: Thomas Baker at Pennsylvania State University wants to see if a fungus would suppress the sense of smell mosquitoes use to find people as sources of blood. A final note on vertebrates vs. fungi: The Boston Globe for May 12 describes a major effort being undertaken by a coalition of zoos to develop new ways to fight the chytrid fungus which is wiping out amphibian species worldwide.

In discussing how to dispose of unwanted garbage, Mother Jones for May/June promotes the use of fungi, including a reference to using “oyster mushrooms to transform diesel-soaked soil into a bed of gourmet fungi after just four weeks.” And American Scientist for May/June provides a rationale for keeping people out of bat caves. The fungal disease makes the animals sleep fitfully during hibernation and the troubled sleeping is the proximate cause of death. The proponents of this hypothesis propose the temporary solution of providing heated bat-boxes for hibernation so restless bats burn fewer calories just to stay warm. They plan to test whether bats will really use the boxes next winter.

` Finally, correspondent Marcia Jacob calls our attention to a recent issue of Arnoldia, The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum. It contains an article by Kathryn Richardson entitled “A Closer Look at Fungi in the Arnold Arboretum.” Her descriptions of the various fungi (12 fungi plus one slime mold) are

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accompanied by photographs. She also discusses the fungi's role in the forest: how the saprophytes break down dead plant material, and how the mycorrhizal mushrooms help the trees.

Marshall E. Deutsch…………….MED41@aol.com

M A I L C A L L

Subj: Phalloidin

Date: 6/20/2009 12:09:10 PM Central Daylight Time

From: omicron

To: FloridaMycology@cs.com

HI Steven - after reading thru the TMC, I am noticing the interest in Amanita Phalloides (Phalloidin) and I am wondering what one has to do to get it to market.

Do they just want it dry or extracted or? And if so, just how defined do the extracts have to be?

Is there interested parties, or do I have to go beat the streets?

Also do you have Spawn for it? Neil NW Montana

Neil.........Dried nice specimens are often sought after by Colleges, Universities, and other academia. Buyers of the pure compound want just that. Column Chromatography does well for in home work, but because of the deadly nature, I suggest you let a lab do this. Many areas have companies that will do this. Although many researchers dabble with Phalloidin, I think it is mostly used for "Standard Cells" for Spectro-phomatographs. No, I hold no spawn, but live cultures are available. Are in an IMGN Member? If so, I will pass on some other information as well.

Thank You, for your interest in FMRC! Highest Regards, Stephen L. Peele, Curator FMRC

--------------------------------

I took Russian History in High School. The teacher taught more than Russian History, Marx's steps to conquer the capitalistic world, along these lines!
"Owners of capital will stimulate the working class to buy more and more of expensive goods, houses, and technology, pushing them to take more and more expensive credits, until their debt becomes unbearable. The unpaid debt will lead to bankruptcy of banks, which will have to be 'nationalized' and the state will have to take the road which leads to communism. "Karl Marx(1818-1883) Das Kapital,1867.
Does all this sound familiar? slp/FMRC

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#83 TMC July 2009 Page 17 Copyrighted Material

The Journal Of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC)

Color photograph for #83, "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE"
July 2009
Photograph Copyrighted by FMRC

Photograph shows the Volva of Amanita muscaria.

This cup like structure that is many times below the ground, is an important thing to look for when identifying mushrooms in the genus Amanita. Photographed by Stephen L. Peele

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 18 Copyrighted Material

                 FMRC's        "Stimulus Sales"
Due to the failing economy, FMRC presents the following sales to help generate stimulus within the Mushroom Community:
Independent Mushroom Grower's Network (IMGN). Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage2.html
Normal IMGN Membership Cost.........$200.00 (Out of USA $230.00)
During the Stimulus Sale, your cost is only $150.00!
With well over $700.00 worth of free IMGN benefits, this makes just the $200.00 worth of your selection of any free spore samples, from the world's largest mushroom spore bank, even more better! And don't forget the one year's free subscription to "THE MUSHROOM CULTURE", The Journal of Mushroom Cultivation (TMC). It is your communication's link to what is going on in the World of Mushrooms.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #1.....IMGN Lifetime Membership with all benefits   $150.00
(Out of USA $180.00)

Doctor's Degree Mushroom Correspondence Course. Go for details:
http://www.mushroomsfmrc.com/gpage1.html
This is FMRC's Main Catalog. Scroll down until you come to:
COLLEGE OF BASIDIOMYCETES The Study of Gilled Mushrooms
FMRC was the first to introduce home correspondence courses to study mushrooms. Certificate of Completion, from Associate to Doctor's are offered. Don't be fooled by "come lately" courses that others have now started. If you want to learn about mushrooms in the privacy of your home, and do so at your own pace, sign up with the only one that has more than 30 years of experience. No one else but FMRC can give you the real training you desire to have. Courses start as low as $100.00. Financing is available and pre-approved!
Tuition Schedule:
Doctor......................$500.00
Master.......................260.00
Bachelor...................180.00
Associate.................100.00
Additional materials needed to complete Doctor or Master degrees of Completion are all furnished. These may include specimens, spores, cultures, reagents, and other reading materials like "The Mushroom Researcher ($50.00 value, and "Growing Mushrooms Without Contaminations" (a $25.00 value). Students living outside the US must add an additional $40.00 to cover "Out Of Country" Airmail and Handling.

Although our "Certificate of Completion" degrees are nonacademic and cannot be used for credit on academic courses, knowledge obtained through these courses can be transferred to academic credits by taking CLEP tests offered by most major Universities and Colleges. Certificates offered may not be acceptable when obtaining positions where an academic degree is required. This is the reason why tuition may sound to be on the "cheap" side. If degrees were accredited through a College or University, this would cause an increase by thousands of dollars in tuition fees. Back years ago I was told by the University of North West Florida, "To accredit FMRC's Doctor's Degree would cost over $26,000.00." And my cut is not even in that figure. Because many of the subjects discussed are not offered by most academic institutions, I decided to make them available. I many times talk to medical doctors from Poison Control Centers, working on identifying mushrooms involved in mushroom poisonings. They find themselves learning a lot from me about identifying mushrooms, especially from spore microscopy and taking mushroom spore prints on paper to see their color. They openly relay to me how Mushroom ID "Challenged" they really are. When I tell them about these very same courses and how they can take them at their own pace and time, they even sign up! These degrees actually show higher specific learning accomplishments than what most Universities and Colleges offer. Persons holding academic degrees can present our "Certificate of Completion" as supplemental credentials, and proof of further learning into the specific area of Basidiomycetes.
                  #83 TMC July 2009          Page 19                Copyrighted Material

When you order this Stimulus Sale #2, our Doctor's Degree Course, you get all the needed and provided materials and books that are listed above. All you have to do is buy your text book at any book store, the National Audubon Society…."Field Guide to North American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff. You need a good field guide anyway, and this is really a good one. It is available from FS Book Store (1-916-771-4203) for under $20.00. "Tell them" FMRC said you had this book.
FMRC's Stimulus Sale #2..........Doctor's Degree Course $200.00
(Out of USA $240.00)

Want to save even more?
Purchase both Stimulus sales, #1 IMGN Membership and #2 the Doctor's Mushroom course for only.........$300.00! (Out of USA $370.00) That's over $1,200.00 worth of items for just $300.00.

Just write down your request on what sale, or both, you want. Make payment out to FMRC. A postal money order that you buy at your local post office is the best method of payment. Personal checks are accepted. Send request and payment to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523.

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Last Issue’s "MQ" for #82 "TMC": What does “cereous” mean?

Last Issue’s Answer: Meaning “Waxy”

WINNER with first correct answer: Paula Blades, West Virginia

"MQ" For This Issue #83: What does “favose” mean?

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Subscription Sale with CD-ROM on Both Mushroom Journals

Or, you can order a TWO-year subscription to "TEONANACATL" The International Journal of

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 20 Copyrighted Material

Psychoactive Mushrooms (TEO) for the same low price of just $50.00 ($90.00 for out of USA) and receive the TEO Issues #01-#13 CD-ROM a $40.00 value!

When placing your order please state that you want to receive the free CD-ROMs.

If you are already a subscriber, the 2 years will just be added to your current subscription. Here is one even better……..

Order BOTH Journals, and just send $75.00, and get both the CD-ROMs and both 2 years subscriptions. This will save you Big Time.......($150.00 Out of USA)

Mail your request and payment made out to FMRC, POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523. Sorry, no online or credit card orders. The Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC), Publisher.

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CONGRATULATIONS TO THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE
Because of your input to this issue of "TMC", you are awarded a year’s free subscription. We all thank you for your very helpful input: Paula Blades for correct “MQ” answer & Jeff Lewis for Maitake Spore Print Samples

------------------------------------------

CULTURE FLASK…….. Is this your last Issue on Subscription?

#83 TMC July 2009 Page 21 Copyrighted Material

Florida Mycology Research Center (FMRC)

POB 18105, Pensacola, FL 32523 USA

This copy belongs to: _____________________________

Please follow the indicated routing and return:

Mycology Department

Botany Department

Biology Department

Science & Mathematics Department

Research & Development

Purchasing

Library

Other_________________________________________

To the desk of:__________________________________

#83 TMC July 2009